Environmental Management

• There are 3 group of rock, name them, describe them.

  
  

  igneous rock, molten rock from the crust of the earth and when the upper mantle cools

  sedimentary rock, when weathering of existing rock happened

  metamorphic rock, made from heat and pressure on existing rock
• 4 layers ,what are they?

  inner core

  outer core

  mantle

  crust
• Mantle is the layer between the core and the crust.
• The Earth's crust is the thin outermost layer that we live on.
• what rock do you find fossils in?

  sedimentary rock
• what is the hardest rock?

  igneous rock
• where is magma found?

  below the surface of the earth
• where is lava found?

  out side volcanos
• what rock make metamorphic rock?

  igneous and sedimentary rock
• another word for extraction of rocks?

  mining
• what makes some rocks go red?

  iron
• waste marital of mining?

  overburden
• all the mining material together?

  ore
• mining deep underground?

  deep mining

  shaft mining
• what mining happened on the surface?

  surface mining
• Factors affecting the viability of mining?

  cost

  geology

  climate

  accessibility

  environmental inpact

  supply and demand
• what must you do before mining?


  environmental impact assessment (EIA)
• what do you do after mining?

  rehabilitation
• another word for power?

  energy /electricity
• non-renewable resource in 2 words?

  fossil fuels
• 2 types of fossil fuels?

  coal and oil
• what material does Eskom use to make power?

  coal
• is coal renewable?


  no
• 2 types of energy sources ?

  renewable and non-renewable
• 2 types of fossil fuels?

  natural gas, nuclear power
• what is a renewable resource?

  A renewable resource is a natural resource that can be replenished or replaced within a human lifetime, such as solar energy or wind power.
• 5 renewable resources?

  geothermal, hydroelectric, tidal, wave, wind, solar and biofuels power
• 2 advantages of wind power?

  no carbon dioxide

  renewable
• 3 disadvantages of biofuels?

  removal of natural resources, land use change, makes toxic gasses.
• what 3 demands for energy?

  industrial demand

  domestic demand

  transports demand
• what does a energy efficient house have

  Solar panels

  insulated walls

  heat exchanger

  it is air tight

  double layered glass
• Definition of fracking 


  The process of obtaining oil or gas from shale rock
• Proppant definition ?

  A material used to keep cracks in shale rock opean to allow gas and oil extraction
• Fossil fuel


  A carbon-based fuel, formed over many millions of years from the decay of living matter
• Fuel types


  • Coal
  • Natural gas
  • Nuclear power
  • Biofuels
  • Geothermal power
  • Hydroelectric power
  • Tidal power
  • Wave power
  • Solar power
  • Wind power
• Coal


  • Plentiful supply in some locations
  • Extraction provides jobs
  • Existing technology: the fuel is available for most countries to use
  • Does not produce carbon dioxide (impact on climate change)
  • Carbon dioxide and toxic gases when burnt (impacting on climate change)
  • Extraction causes damage to local area
  • Limited supply, prices will rise as the supply gets smaller
• Nuclear power


  • Small amount of fuel produces large amounts of energy
  • Power plants employ lots of people
  • Risk of radiation leakage, impact on human health and environment
  • Waste products cannot be recycled as radiation
• Biofuels


  • Renewable source: bioethanol and wood are obtained from growing plants, biogas from the recycling of waste products
  • Growing more plants uses carbon dioxide
  • Potentially a plentiful supply
  • Carbon dioxide and other toxic gases produced when burnt
  • A lot of land is needed to grow crops for fuel
  • Potential removal of natural ecosystems to grow fuel crops
• Geothermal power


  • Unlimited supply as uses the heat from the Earth as the power source
  • Does not produce carbon dioxide
• Hydroelectric power


  • Does not produce carbon dioxide
  • Water can be reused for other purposes
  • Building of dams impacts the natural flow of water
  • Villages and ecosystems may be destroyed when dams and reservoirs are built