Acids & Base

• Acids

  Proton donors

  • Contains hydrogen ion, H+
  • Aquations (aq) = chemical is dissolved into H2O
  • Hydrogen ALWAYS H+ by itself
  • H+ > OH-
• Bases

  Proton acceptors

  Metal oxides/carbonates, doesnt dissolve in H2O

  • Alkali: base that contains OH- ions and can dissolve in H2O
  • Precipitation (ppt) = solid forming from mixing liquids
  • Hydroxide ion: OH-
  • OH- > H+
• Water is polar because it has equal amounts of hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions
• Common Laboratory Bases

  • Magnesium oxide -- MgO
  • Calcium carbinate -- CaCO3
  • calcium oxide ---- CaO
  • calcium hydroxide --- Ca(OH)2
• Common Laboratory Alkalis

  Lithium hydroxide --> LiOH

  • Name ends w/ "hydroxide"
  • Dissolves in H2O
  • eg:
  • Lithium hydrozie = LiOH
  • Ammonium = NH4OH
• pH scale:

  • low = acidic
  • high = basic
  • 7 = neutral (water only)
• Indicators

  • Universal indicator = red/green/blue
  • Methyl orange = red/orange/yellow
  • Litmust = red ->blue & vice versa
  • Thymolptalein = colorless & blue (alkaline only)
• Types of Oxides

  • acidic - non-metal, neutralize with base
  • basic - metal, neutralize with acid
  • apotheric - metal, can react w both base and acid
  • neutral - not acidic/basic doesnt dissolve
• Neutral Oxides

  • ONLY have 3
  • Water, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide