Demylinating disorders

• central pontine myelinolysis : demylination episode following rapid correction of hyponatremia and shift of other osmolytes example glucose causes acute paralysis dysarthria dysphagia diplopia loww of conciousness locked in syndrome
• high to low levels of sodium causes cerebral edema
• acute inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathy subtype of guillan barre linked to zika and campylobacter jejuni involves destruction of schwann cells via inflammation and demylination of peripheral nerves sensory nerves and motors nerves occulomotor and spinal acsessory nerve
• symptoms of acute demylinating polyneuropathy ascending bilateral muscle weakness decreased or absent dtr beginning in lower Extremities facial paralysis bilateral respiratory failure cardiac irregularities hypo or hypertension sensory abnormalities good recovery increased csf protein with normal cell count respiratory support plasma exchange or iv immunoglobulins no steroid
• Acute disseminated encephalomyolitis presents with multifocal demylination after vaccination or infection presents with rapidly progressive multifocal neurologic symptoms and altered mental status
• charcot marie tooth heridetary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with defective formation of proteins involved in structure and function of peripheral nerves or myeline sheath presents with foot deformities pes cavus hammer toe foot drop and sensory deficits cant move toes

  cmt1a caused by pmp22 gene duplication
• progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy demylination following reactivation of jc virus in immunocompromised ( aids lymphoma leukemia organ transplant) fatal parietal and occipital areas visual symptoms increased risk with natalizumab destruction of oligodendrocytes