Q1 General Biology 1 Module 1

• Cell theory


  • Explains the fundamental nature of cells and their role in living organisms
• Key contributors to cell theory

  • Robert Hooke
  • Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
  • Matthias Schleiden
  • Theodor Schwann
  • Robert Brown
  • Rudolf Virchow
• Robert Hooke


  English physicist who discovered cells by observing cork under a magnifying glass in 1665
• Antoine van Leeuwenhoek


  Dutch microscopist who observed single-celled organisms and called them "animalcules" in 1673
• Robert Brown


  Scottish botanist who provided the first account of the nucleus in 1831
• Matthias Schleiden


  German botanist who concluded that plants are made up of cells in 1838
• Theodor Schwann


  German physiologist who concluded that animals are made up of cells in 1839
• Rudolf Virchow


  Scientist who is best known for the statement "all cells arise from pre-existing cells"
• The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms
• All living organisms are composed of cells
• All cells arise from pre-existing cells
• The cell is the basic unit of life
• The cell is the smallest unit in the living organism that is capable of integrating life processes
• The cell is the key to biology because it is at this level that life truly originates
• Cells


  The smallest or tiniest structural and functional unit of a living organism
• There are 10 trillion cells present in the human body
• Cell types


  • Animal cells
  • Plant cells
• Animal and plant cells share many common structures, but there are few exceptions
• Cell wall


  Structure present in plant cells but not in animal cells
• Vacuole


  Structure present in plant cells but not in animal cells
• Nucleus


  The "brain of the cell" where the genetic material is located
• Mitochondria


  The "powerhouse of the cell" where ATP is synthesized
• Lysosomes


  Organelles that contain chemicals and enzymes necessary for digesting certain materials in cells
• Golgi apparatus


  Organelle responsible for modifying, collecting, packaging, and distributing molecules made at one location of the cell and used at another
• Ribosomes


  Organelles that are very active in making proteins
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  Organelle that distributes important materials to other organelles
• Cytoplasm acts as a mediator since all organelles are embedded in it
• Nucleus: '"I change chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use."'
• Lysosomes: '"I am a clean up worker, I have chemicals and enzymes necessary for digesting certain materials in cells that have outlined their usefulness."'
• Golgi apparatus: '"Without me, lysosomes will not be here. I'm responsible also to modify, collect, package, and distribute molecules made at one location of the cell and used at another."'
• Ribosomes: '"Even I'm just very small, I'm very active in making proteins."'
• Endoplasmic reticulum: '"Without me...each of us will not receive any important materials. Proteins that are released from me are transported to the Golgi apparatus."'
• The administration headed by the nucleus have given light duties for the cell membrane, cell wall, and chloroplast
• Emergency meeting called by the nucleus


  1. Each organelle given opportunity to cite their sentiments

  2. Cytoplasm acts as mediator since all organelles are embedded to him
• Mitochondria


  Changes chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
• Lysosomes


  Clean up worker, has chemicals and enzymes necessary for digesting certain materials in cells that have outlined their usefulness
• Golgi bodies (apparatus)


  • Responsible for modifying, collecting, packaging, and distributing molecules made at one location of the cell and used at another
  • Without them, lysosomes will not be here
• Ribosomes


  Very small but very active in making proteins
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  • Proteins that are released or exported from the cell are synthesized by it
  • Without it, each organelle will not receive any important materials
• Cell (plasma) membrane


  Acts like a door, knows what enters and leaves the cell for protection