ac 2.1

• what is meant by internal forms of social control


  controls over our behaviour that come from within ourselves from our personalities and values
• what is rational ideology

  most people wont commit deviant acts because of their conscience
• what is the superego

  • our rationaliser/conscience that tells us what is right and wrong based on morals and social norms
  • can also make someone feel guilty if they give into their id
• what is the id


  the part of our brain that has no rational thought and seeks only pleasure and avoids pain
• what is the id's link to criminality

  if the id is too powerful it may give into urges and impulses which could be criminal
• what is the ego


  the mediator of the 3 parts - also seeks pleasure but finds a realistic way to do so
• what is the egos link to criminality

  if it is too weak it will get taken over by the id
• what is the superegos link to criminality

  • if it is weak someone may not feel guilty when they commit a crime
  • if it it strong it could lead to a person committing crimes in order to get caught and punished
  • prevent the individual from acknowledging the ids impulses which could build up, overwhelm the ego and express suddenly and violently
• how does the culture we belong in become a part of us

  through socialization - our families, the media, education
• what does internalization mean

  means the individual acceptance of a set of norms and values that have been established by others
• what does morality mean

  standards of what can be considered good or bad
• how do we learn what is right and wrong

  adopt the morals of the society we live in
• what is meant by external forms of control

  its how society is controlled externally to prevent people breaking the law
• what are agencies of social control

  organisations/people that impose rules on us to make us behave in certain ways
• what is coercion


  the use of force or threat to make someone stop doing something - eg : prison
• how could fear of punishment be considered to be a type of coercion

  it involves the threat that punishment may be used against someone if they don't obey the law
• what is individual deterrence

  punishment imposed on individual offenders to prevent them from committing more crime
• what is general deterrence


  uses fear of punishment to prevent people from committing crime
• what are control theories

  they look at why people don't commit crimes
• what is walter reckless' containment theory

  • it suggests we have inner and external forces that contain deviant behaviour
  • internal forces - good conscience and good self concept
  • external forces - laws of society, social groups, education
  • a combination of the above prevent us from being deviant
• what are the 4 bonds of attatchment (travis hirschi)

  attachment, commitment, involvement, belief