perspectives

• What do functionalists see education as?

  A vital institution for social stability
• Who are key theorists in the functionalist perspective?

  Émile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, Davis & Moore
• How does education foster social solidarity according to Durkheim?

  By transmitting shared norms and values
• What subject connects students to a shared culture?

  History
• What skills do schools teach according to Durkheim?

  Discipline, respect for rules, self-control
• What does education teach regarding the division of labour?

  Specialized skills for a modern economy
• What role do schools play according to Parsons?

  Bridge between family and society
• How do schools assess students according to Parsons?

  Based on meritocratic principles
• What is the role allocation function of schools according to Davis & Moore?

  Sort and allocate students based on abilities
• What does meritocracy mean in the context of education?

  Rewarding individuals based on achievement
• What do critics argue about functionalism?

  Education is not truly meritocratic
• How do interactionists view functionalism?

  They claim it overlooks student agency
• What do Marxists believe about education?

  It serves the interests of the ruling class
• Who is a key theorist in the Marxist perspective?

  Louis Althusser
• What is the ideological state apparatus according to Althusser?

  Education transmits ruling class ideology
• How do schools reproduce inequality according to Althusser?

  By preparing working-class students for subordinate roles
• What is the correspondence principle according to Bowles & Gintis?

  Schools mirror workplace hierarchies
• What do Bowles & Gintis say about the myth of meritocracy?

  Schools reproduce class inequalities
• What is the hidden curriculum according to Bowles & Gintis?

  Instilling conformity and acceptance of hierarchy
• What did Paul Willis study about working-class boys?

  They formed an anti-school subculture
• What do critics argue about Marxism?

  It is too deterministic and ignores agency
• What do liberal feminists believe about education?

  Progress has been made in gender equality
• What did Sue Sharpe's research find about girls' priorities?

  Shifted from marriage to careers
• What do radical feminists argue about education?

  It reinforces male dominance through hidden curriculum
• What did Francis (2005) note about classroom dynamics?

  Boys dominate classroom spaces
• What do critics argue about feminism in education?

  Patriarchy persists in subtle forms
• What does the New Right emphasize in education?

  Competition and marketization
• Who are key theorists in the New Right perspective?

  Chubb & Moe
• What do Chubb & Moe advocate for in education?

  Parental choice and vouchers
• Why do private schools outperform state schools according to Chubb & Moe?

  They are more accountable to parents
• What should education instill according to the New Right?

  Shared national values
• What skills should schools teach according to the New Right?

  Vocational skills
• What do critics argue about the New Right perspective?

  Competition benefits middle-class families
• How do Functionalists and the New Right compare in their views on education?

  • Both emphasize meritocracy and competition
  • Differ in focus on equality vs. marketization
• How do Marxists and Functionalists differ in their views on education?

  • Both agree schools transmit values
  • Differ on whose interests these values serve
• What critiques do feminists have of all educational perspectives?

  • Overlook gender inequality in education
• What are the key concepts in education?

  • Meritocracy: Views differ on fairness
  • Hidden Curriculum: Ideological conditioning vs. shared values
  • Role Allocation: Meritocratic vs. reinforcing class inequality
• What does "value consensus" mean in functionalist theory?

  A shared set of norms and values
• How does value consensus contribute to social order?

  It ensures individuals work towards common goals
• Why is value consensus essential for social integration according to Parsons?

  It provides a shared moral framework