Section B

• development 


  the progress of a country as it become more advanced .
• Gross national income 


  The total national income divided by population
• high income country 


  a country with a GNI of more than 13,295 dollars
• low income country 


  a county with a GNI of 1085 dollars or less .
• newly emerging economy 


  a country with a GNI of between 1086 dollars and 13204 dollars
• high income countries 


  over 80 people countries where most people enjoy a good standard of living based on relatively high levels of income .
• low income countries 


  close to 30 of the worlds poorest countries. inadequate services and few opportunities flr the majority of the population .
• newly emerging countries 


  such as china , brazil and India , which are experiencing rapid economic development of industry where incomes are rising .
• HDI


  the human development index was developed by the united nations and is one pf the most commonly used measure of development .
• The DTM 


  The demographic transition model attempts to show how population changes as a country develops .
• the development gap 


  there are significant variations in levels of development across the world . This is known as the development gap . Both physical and human factors have caused uneven development .
• physical cause of uneven development

  WEATHER AND CLIMATE : extreme conditions such as heavy rainfall , droughts , extreme temperatures and tropical storms make economic development difficult .
• physical causes of uneven development

  LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES: countries without a coastline lack the benefits of sea trade which had led to the economic growth of most development nations .
• physical causes of uneven development

  RELIEF : mountains regions , such as Nepal , are often remote and have poor infrastructure which makes development very challenging .
• physical causes of uneven development

  WATER SHORTAGES : water is essential for the life and development . Where there are shortages of water agricultural and industrial development is very challenging .
• economic causes of uneven development

  POVERTY : development is slowed by the lack of money in a household , community or country . improvements to living conditions , sanitation , education and infrastructure is prevented .
• economic causes of uneven development

  TRADE : trade involves the import and export of goods and services . lics have limited access to trade and trading has often involved exporting low - value raw materials .
• Tourism in Jamaica

  • NEE , 4th largest island country in the Caribbean., it has a tropical climate with high temperatures throughout the year . Jamaica if famed for its beautiful sandy beaches and rich cultural heritage .
• Jamaica: the growth of tourism 


  There has been an almost exponential growth in the number of visitor arrivals to Jamaica between 1994 and 2016 .
• NIGERIA CASE STUDY : location

  West africa charing a border with benin , niger , chad and cameroon . To the south . Nigeria is almost three times the size of the uk.
• Nigeria case study 


  Nigeria is an NEE located in Africa . Is is one of a number of countries experiencing rapid economic growth .
• where is Nigeria located ? 


  located in west Africa , sharing a border with Benin , Niger , chad and Cameroon . to the south , Nigeria is almost 4 times the physical size of the uk . its population, at just over 200,000,000, is three times the size of the uk .
• Nigeria : global importance

  Nigeria had the 31st largest GDP in 2018 , Nigeria had the second -largest film industry in the world , they also play an important role in United Nations peacekeeping.
• Nigeria : regional importance

  It’s the fastest growing economy in Africa , highest GNP in Africa , largest population, third largest manufacturing sector .
• the changing uk economy 


  The primary sector and secondary sector has also declined due to mechanisation and foreign competition. Tertiary : increased with the growth of public services and financial services.
• Impact of Globalisation (uk)


  The process which has created a more connected world , with the increase in trade And migration and tourism .
• Reasons for change :uk

  The uk had been experience deindustrialisation this is due to , machines & tech - replaced people in modern industries , other countries produce cheaper goods ,lack of investment, decline in availability of raw materials .
• Uk post industrial economy ( services and finance)

  Services provide support rather than manufacturing products , the service industry is the largest employment and economic sector in the uk .financial services employ over 2million people and account for 10% of the uk‘s GDP.
• Development of IT 


  1.3 million people employed in IT . , home working and increased self employment ., the uk, being the top IT country , received overseas investment of £6.3bn in 2018 .
• Science parks 


  Science parks are typically located on the edge of university ivies . They can be found in Cambridge , Oxford . They have good transport link and usually have attractive environments .
• business parks 


  they are areas with a small group of businesses in the same Land area. there are many hundreds of business parks across the uk . they are often located on the edge of major urban areas where there are good communications , and the land is cheap .