ENDTERM

• GLOBAL CITIES 


  are central sites for advanced services and facilities of telecommunication which are necessary execution and management of global economic activities. In those sites, corporate headquarters tend to center, particularly companies that are operative in more than one country (
• globalization


  happens in physical spaces
• what makes globalization move?


  because it is based on places
• global cities are integral to


  globalization as it is to these cities
• GLOBAL CITY also called


  world city, alpha center, world center
• global city 2


  command points in the org of the world economy
• global city 3


  key locations and marketplaces for finance and specialized services
• global city 4


  major sites of production including innovations
• Global City 5 


  globalization enhances the role of cities
• global city 6


  all cities operate in a global city
• when and who popularized the term "global city"

  1990's by Saskia Sassen
• 3 global cities according to Saskia

  NEW YORK, LONDON, TOKYO
• this 3 global cities

  are hubs of global finance and capitalism
• NEWYORK has


  newyork stock exchange
• LONDON has


  financial time stock exchange
• TOKYO has


  nikkei
• LOS ANGELES


  movie-making mecca
• SAN FRANCISCO 


  home of the most powerful internet companies
• SHANGHAI, BEIJING, GUANGZHOU


  centers of trade and finance
• MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA


  world's most livable city
• ECONOMIC POWER


  largely determined which cities are global
• NEWYORK HAS THE LARGEST

  stock market
• TOKYO HOUSES


  most number of corporate HQ
• SHANGHAI plays a critical role in the global economic supply


  because CHINA has become the manufacturing center of the world
• Economic opportunities in a global city

  • Attractive to talents across the world
• To measure the economic competitiveness of a city, The Economist Intelligence Unit has added other criteria like market size, purchasing power of the citizens, size of the middle class and potential for growth
• CENTERS OF AUTHORITY


  Washington DC is the seat of american state power
• UN HQ LOCATION 


  NEW YORK
• BRUSSELS


  home of the European Union
• JAKARTA


  home of the main HQ of ASEAN
• PUBLISHING INDUSTRY 


  the city's intellectual influence is seen through it
• NEW YORK, LONDON, PARIS


  where a lot of books are published
• BOSTON


  home of the world's top university
• LOS ANGELES is the center of

  american film industry
• negative effects of global cities

  can be sites of inequality, poverty, and tremendous violence
• Gentrification


  A phenomenon of driving out the poor in favor of newer, wealthier residents
• Poor urban enclaves


  • In the outskirts of New York and San Francisco occupied by African-American
• Gentrification process


  1. City attracts more capital and richer residents

  2. Real estate prices go up

  3. Poor residents are forced to relocate to far away but cheaper areas
• Global Cities


  Sites and mediums of globalization
• Global Citiesare the


  Material representations of the phenomenon of globalization