notes

• IACD MOOC


  Practice-oriented, aimed to give and acquire students with skills, competencies, knowledge to communicate better in a multicultural, diverse environment. Combines practical with theoretical introduction to cross-cultural studies.
• ANCIENT GREECE: Culture, science, and democracy
• Democracy


  Citizens were able to vote and commonly decide. Had a fantastic effect on the development of science and culture.
• ANCIENT GREECE: CULTURE

  part of not only European values, but also kind of the world values, it's that Greeks already had in ancient times Olympic Games.
• ROMAN EMPIRE: LAW

  Roman law is still one of the basis of current law systems. It had to be made based on such modern principles that we still need this principles, if we would like to structure our legal system. So you see that the key word Empire means the knowledge of how to make citizens in one place, the high level of citizens, to being able to make a successful society. So that's one it was also an issue, also a science of governing.
• RENAISSANCE AGES

  It was again after the so-called dark Middle Ages, it was

  
  

  again a great development of Arts and Sciences. The

  
  

  bloom in commerce gave the richness to the citizens,

  
  

  and that's why they offered some capital backing for the

  
  

  artists, so that they can really paint those wonderful

  
  

  things, build all those wonderful buildings.
• Positive country branding

  1. tourism
  2. foreign investment
  3. attracting talented people
  4. exports
• Country brand index groups

  • Country brands (products)
  • Experience countries (tourism)
  • Status countries (innovation)
  • Plain countries
• Values of the European Union

  • Human dignity must always be respected and protected
  • Freedom of movement and individual freedoms
  • Rule of law
  • Equality
  • Democracy
• Country brand dimensions

  • Tourism
  • Investment and immigration (quality of life)
  • Export
  • Governance
  • Culture
  • People
• Barriers in communication

  • Physical
  • Perceptual
  • Emotional
  • Cultural
  • Gender
  • Interpersonal
  • Language
• 4 core strategic goals of the EU

  1. defending citizens in human rights
  2. the strong economy
  3. the green fair and social Europe
  4. and encouraging European values on a global level
• Communication

  Comes from Latin word commūnicāre, which means to share. Act of conveying intended meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules.
• Channels of communication

  • Visual
  • Auditory
  • Tactile (such as in Braille) and haptic
  • Olfactory
  • Kinesics
  • Electromagnetic, or biochemical
• Interpersonal communication


  Exchange of information between two or more people. An area of research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and nonverbal cues to accomplish personal and relational goals.
• Basic models of communication

  • Linear model (one-way process)
  • Transactional model (two-way process)
  • Interactional model (alternate process)
• Types of communication noise

  • Psychological (emotions, attitudes)
  • Physical (environmental)
  • Semantic (different interpretations of words)
• Defensive communication


  Communication that can be aggressive, attacking and angry, or passive and withdrawing. Leads to injured feelings, communication breakdowns, alienation, retaliatory behaviors, nonproductive efforts, problem-solving failures.
• Non-defensive communication


  Communication that is assertive, direct, and powerful. Provides basis for defense when attacked, restores order, balance, and effectiveness.
• 7 C's of communication

  • Clear
  • Concise
  • Concrete
  • Correct
  • Coherent
  • Complete
  • Courteous
• Fields of culture

  • Material
  • Spiritual
  • Social
  • Language/word
  • Political
  • Physical
• Types of communication codes

  • Language codes
  • Para-language codes
  • Non-language codes
• Intercultural competence


  Ability to develop targeted knowledge, skills and attitudes that lead to visible behaviour and communication that are both effective and appropriate in intercultural interactions. A long-term process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
• Cultural scripts are situational scenarios and patterns of individuals' interaction and mutual expectations, normatively sanctioned and widely accepted in a given culture.
• Savoir-vivre

  Rules of cultural behavior in social situations. About paying attention to own and others' needs, expressing ourselves freely without violating the comfort of others.
• Culture is often treated as "the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another." (Hofstede, 1991, p.5). It means that patterns of behavior and thinking have been engraining in people's minds from an early age.
• High context culture

  • a lot of info is embedded in the context
  • feelings, thoughts and information are not explicitly expressed, but also through a variety of channels such as body language and voice tone
  • the message is IMPLICITLY communicated
• Low-context culture

  • Most of the information is explicitly communicated in the verbal message
  • clear cues
  • direct
• Business etiquette - a code of conduct, how people should behave in various situations
• Business protocol - regulates the mutual contacts of high level people
• Savior-vivre - the rules of cultural behavior in social situations
• Business etiquette - contains written norms regulating the way in which - of moral point of view - people should and should behave, while doing business matter
• Business protocol - set of rules enabling understanding our interlocutor
• Greeting and starting conversation - we should address people with their full names and title. However, we should not introduce ourselves with the title. When preparing a business correspondence, we should use the formal way of addressing people and starting/finishing the message.
• More important than words is the non-verbal communication. It contains mainly interpersonal distance, voice intonation, eye contact, and facial expression.
• False friends - words that sound the same but have different meanings.
• Cultural sensitivity is the ability to understand and appreciate the cultural differences of others.
• 5 dimensions of cultural sensitivity

  1. engagement in the process of interaction
  2. confidence in intercultural interaction
  3. attentiveness during the interaction process
  4. enjoyment of interaction
  5. respect to otherness
• Cultural intelligence

  • people's capability of functioning effectively in multicultural environment
  • relates to the concept of social, emotional and practical intelligence, focusing on the interaction in intercultural context and is driven by the intense process of globalization
  • specific form of intelligence focused on individual's ability to grasp and reason correctly in situations characterized by cultural diversity
  • similarly to IQ and EQ, cultural intelligence has an important role in work environment and personal relationship
• Poland


  In what country is it still common that a man

  kisses a woman’s hand in greeting as a sign of his respect and to show he is gallant?