science

• Mitosis


  Process that makes body cells
• Mutations


  Changes in genetic material that can be harmful, helpful or neutral
• Meiosis


  Process that makes sperm and egg cells (gametes)
• Cells


  • Skin cell
  • Stomach cell
• Diploid


  Makes body cells
• Interphase


  • Duplication of DNA
  • Growth
  • DNA replication
  • Cell functions
• Stages of Division


  1. Prophase

  2. Metaphase

  3. Anaphase

  4. Telophase
• The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during Metaphase
• Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell during Anaphase
• Chromosomes are at opposite ends and new nuclei are forming to make two new cells during Telophase
• The end goal of cell division is two cells
• Mutations


  A change of genetic material
• Organisms that can have mutations

  • Animals
  • Fungi
  • Bacteria
  • Protists
  • Archaea
  • Plants
  • Humans
• Mutations


  • Can be harmful, helpful or neutral
  • Are random
• Types of Gene Mutations

  • Substitution
  • Insertion
  • Deletion
• Insertions and deletions are dangerous mutations
• Types of Chromosome Mutations

  • Duplication
  • Deletion
  • Inversion
  • Translocation
• Nondisjunction


  An egg or sperm cell has too many or too few chromosomes
• Mutations may be inherited to offspring
• Haploid


  Makes sperm and egg cells (gametes)
• Meiosis


  1. Reduction Division

  2. Must duplicate in interphase before meiosis starts

  3. PMAT x2

  4. P1, M1, A1, T1, P2, M2, A2, T2
• PMAT2 is not as eventful as PMAT 1
• Meiosis makes 4 cells, each different from the others