strengths

• shown negative thoughts do come first

  -Grazioli & Terry assessed cognitive vulnerability

  -65 pregnant women

  -those with negative thinking before birth more likely to develop post natal depression

  -showing negative thoughts did come first (pregancy) > leading to depression (after birth)
• positive implications - treatment 


  -cognitive model led to CBT development

  -CBT aims to challenge & neutralise negative thoughts

  -cognitive restructuring

  -90% of patients show improvement with CBT > very effective