Socio-cultural influences

• anabolic steroids 


  mimics testosterone

  increases muscle mass and aggression

  increases blood pressure, heart disease and infertility

  for women: increases facial and body hair; deepens voice
• stimulants 


  affect the CNS to increase alertness and mask fatigue

  increase blood pressure

  cause heart and liver problems and strokes

  addictive
• beta blockers


  lower heart rate and reduces adrenaline

  causes nausea, weakness, lowers blood pressure, cramp and heart failure
• deviance


  breaking the rules

  eg fighting or cheating
• sportsmanship


  being respectful of other players, playing fairly and performing gracious behavior
• gamesmanship


  unethical but legal behavior to break the flow of the game and distract others
• etiquette 


  unwritten rules and customs of a sport

  eg clapping off the batsman
• violence


  intent to harm

  caused by: frustration, anger or copying others behavior
• what does 'wedged car frame' represent?

  the factors influencing participation
• what is 'wedged'

  Work

  Environment

  Disability

  Gender

  Ethnicity

  Discrimination
• what is 'car'

  Cost

  Age

  Religion
• What is 'frame' (these are usually a positive effect on participation)


  Family

  Role model

  Access

  Media

  Education
• what is the golden triangle made of?

  sport, media and sponsorship
• what three things help encourage participation?

  promotion, provision and access
• promotion 


  advertising the importance of a healthy lifestyle with media and role models

  eg: This Girl Can to challenge stereotypes of women in sport

  Change4Life to tackle obesity
• provision 


  facilities, clubs, coaches
• access


  being able to access facilities and making them accessible for all

  eg: the government can create better transport links
• commercialisation of sport


  making money from sport

  through sponsorship and the media

  selling merchandise and tickets
• sport and the media - positives

  • media pay for the rights to cover sporting events which provides investment for the sports to develop at lower levels
  • media makes people more aware of different sports
  • media coverage can create role models who inspire more people
  • media analysis can educate spectators
  • sport gives the media things to stream and cover
• sport and the media - negatives

  • places pressure on sports officials as their decisions will be scrutinised
  • players can loose their private lives
  • the number and timings of matches might be changed for best media coverage which can put players at a higher injury risk
• sport and sponsorship - positives

  • companies can be associated with the prestige of winning/ good teams and this helps the sponsors make more money
  • sponsorship deals can bring in lots of money so the sport can develop eg new stadium
  • players and officials can be paid better so athletes might train full time and perform better
• sport and sponsorships - negatives

  • the money is only available for the elite players and teams
  • womens sport gets less sponsorship so the players cannot train full time because they don't get paid as much
  • if an athlete is injured or gains a bad reputation, they might loose their sponsorship
  • bad behavior of the athlete will damage a sponsors reputation
  • athletes will face trouble if they wear brands that are not their sponsor
  • sponsors can hold power over teams that need money
• sponsorship and the media - positives

  • the more media coverage a sport gets, the more people watch it, making the sponsors be seen more
  • ^this increases the likelihood of sponsorship and players can demand more money for sponsors
• sponsorship and the media - negatives

  • some sponsorships are inappropriate so those teams can't be shown at certain times in the day
  • alcohol companies can sponsor some sports which can promote unhealthy lifestyles, especially to children