bio paper 1

• function of the necleus

  controls the cell and contains dna
• function of the cytoplasm

  chemical reactions occur
• function of the cell membrane

  controls what enters and leaves the cell
• function of mitochondria

  aerobic respiration and creates energy
• function of ribosomes

  protein synthesis
• fuction of the cell wall

  supoorts the cell and strengthens it
• function of the vacuole

  contains cell sap
• function of chloroplasts


  site of photosynthesis
• what is protein synthesis

  making proteins
• example of eukaryotic cells

  animals and plant cells
• example of a prokaryotic cell

  bacterial cell
• magnification equation

  image size / actual size
• benefits of a light microscope

  cheap and easy to use
• benefits of a electron microscope

  better magnification and resolution
• what is a stem cell

  can differentiate and become specialised cells
• examples of a specialised cell

  egg/nerve/brain cell
• what are stem cells used for

  to cure diesease
• what is mitosis

  proceds of one cell dividing into two identical cells
• diffusion is

  high to low concentration
• osmosis is

  high to low concentration through a partially permable memebrane
• active transport is

  low to high concentration again a gradient
• what can affect cell transport

  temperature/surface area/short diffusion pathway
• examples of a enzyme

  protease/lipase/carbohydrase
• how do we test for startch

  iodine
• how do we test for proteins

  biuret
• how do we test for sugars

  benedicts
• how do we test for lipids

  sudan stain
• what is a enzyme

  a catalyst that speeds up the rate of a reaction
• what does carbohydrase break down

  carbohydrates
• what does protease break down

  proteins
• what does lipase break down

  lipids
• what do carbohydrates get broken down into

  simple sugars
• what do proteins break down into

  amino acids
• what do lipids break down into

  glycerol and fatty acids
• function of the mouth


  relases saliva to begin breakdown of food
• function of the stomach

  pummels food , creates protease and contains stomach acid to kill bacteria
• function of the small intestine

  food absorbtion
• function of the large intestine

  water absorption
• function of the pancreas


  produces all three enzymes
• function of the liver


  produces bile which neutrilises stomach acid