G.E. 10 - Chapters 3 & 4

• Lack of sufficient income to fulfill basic needs

  Poverty
• Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

  Primary goal of sustainable development
• Principle of reversibility in policy and politics

  Trying to avoid irreversible actions
• Reduction of chlorofluorocarbon emissions

  Goal of Montreal Protocol
• Phenomenon associated with greenhouse effects

  Warming of the atmosphere
• The variety of genes, species, ecosystems, and ecosystem processes

  Biodiversity
• Biodiversity loss considered critical

  It reduces the availability of essential resources
• Primary principle of sustainability related to natural resources

  Responsibility for future generations
• Asking questions answering answers supported by evidence

  Role of scientist
• The sum of goods and services provided by ecosystem essential to human life and well-being

  Integrative themes concerning ecosystem capital
• The sum of goods and services provided by natural and managed ecosystems

  Ecosystem capital
• Assuming humans have complete knowledge of the environment

  Humility principle
• Accelerated interconnectedness of huma activities

  Globalization
• Key component of sustainability related to natural capital

  Natural resources
• Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions

  Kyoto Protocol
• Primary concern of environmentalism

  Protecting the Earth life support system
• Role of stewardship in environmental science

  Protecting natural lands for future generations
• The ability of natural systems to support life and human economic systems indefinitely

  Sustainability
• Life existed on Earth

  About 3.8 billion years
• Primary focus of ecology

  The study of ecosystem
• Biological community of organisms

  Ecosystem
• Percentage of Earth land surface directly affected by human activities

  83%
• Studying the interactions of organisms with each other

  Primary concerned of ecology
• It refers to all the organisms of a single kind

  Species
• First law of ecology

  Everything is connected to everything else
• Biotic factors

  Living and dead organisms
• Interaction is described as a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

  Mutualism
• Main source of energy for almost all life on earth

  Solar energy
• Pathway along which food is transferred

  Food chain
• Percentage of energy stored under any tropic level

  10%
• Sequential rebuilding of an ecosystem after a major disturbances

  Ecological succession
• Biome - extremely low rainfall and extreme temperature fluctuations

  Desert
• Temperate deciduous forest

  Trees that drop their leaves in winter
• Estuaries

  Mouth of river
• Salinity range of freshwater

  Less than 0.1%
• Biome - 3/4

  Marine
• Law of ecology emphasizes the importance of recycling in environment

  Nothing comes from nothing
• Abiotic factor

  Water
• One organism benefits, while the other is unaffected

  Commensalism
• Primary source of energy for photosynthesis

  Solar Energy