Policies

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Grace

Cards (96)

How much does the UK government spend on education annually?
Approximately £90 billion
What was the aim of educational policies since 1870?
To widen participation and achieve equality
What significant educational policy was introduced in 1870?
Forster's Education Act
Introduced mass elementary education
What change occurred in education in 1880?
Education became compulsory
Education became free
What was the compulsory education age established in 1918?
Until 14 years of age
What did the Butler Education Act of 1944 introduce?
The tripartite system of secondary schools
What year did the Labour government replace the tripartite system?
1965
What were Educational Priority Areas (EPAs) established for in 1967?
To tackle educational inequalities
What was the purpose of compensatory education policies?
To address socio-economic educational inequalities
What was the main criticism of the 11+ IQ test?
It was not culture-fair
What were the three types of schools in the tripartite system?
Grammar schools for academic students
Technical schools for scientific or creative students
Secondary moderns for non-academic students
Why did the tripartite system fail?
Few technical schools were built
Who dominated grammar schools in the tripartite system?
Middle-class students
What was the perception of secondary modern schools?
They were seen as inferior to grammar schools
What did sociologists like Bernstein argue about schools?
Schools cannot compensate for society
What was the social democratic idea behind educational policy from 1944 to 1978?
Improve equality of opportunity
Provide equal chances for all children
What was the school leaving age increased to in 1972?
16 years
What was the aim of the tripartite system introduced by the Butler Education Act?
To allocate students based on ability
What was the impact of socio-economic status on the 11+ test results?
It favored students with economic capital
What did Douglas (1964) believe about poorer parents?
They were less likely to engage in education
What are catchment areas in housing?
Geographical zones determining school admissions
Why are urban areas rarely socially mixed?
People live alongside similar social backgrounds
What is a consequence of a deprived inner-city catchment?
Predominantly working-class school intake
How do poor families affect educational support?
They may struggle to support their children
What can happen to schools in deprived areas?
They may become 'failing' schools
How does selection by mortgage impact working-class parents?
It prices them out of the housing market
What does Gewirtz (1995) argue about middle-class parents?
They use capital to access top schools
What opportunity do working-class children have in comprehensive schools?
To pursue the same qualifications as middle-class children
What is a benefit of comprehensive schools for less bright students?
They perform better due to varied courses
How do exam results of top comprehensives compare?
They compare well with the private sector
What do Hargreaves (1967) and Ball (1981) argue about streaming?
It is based on social class, not ability
What did some local authorities continue after the comprehensive system?
The grammar school system
How do suburban comprehensive schools perform compared to inner-city schools?
They achieve better exam results
What is the impact of 'selection by mortgage' on educational equality?
Prices out working-class families
Limits access to good schools
Reinforces social class divisions
What shift occurred in education policy after 1979?
From socialist to New Right emphasis
What did the 1988 Education Reform Act encourage?
Marketisation of education
What is open enrolment?
Allowing schools to expand their capacity
How did formula funding change school financing?
Based funding on student numbers
What does 'parentocracy' refer to?
Parental power in school choice
What was the main aim of encouraging competition between schools?
To improve educational standards