External aids

• External aids defenition


  external aids are those outside of the act/statute
• Historical setting


  A judge may consider the historical setting of the provision that is being interpreted.
• Dictionaries and Text books


  Dictionaries are commonly consulted as a guide to the meaning of statutory words. Textbooks may also be consulted.
• Academic writings
• Law Commission Reports
• Case law from other jurisdictions
• International Conventions or Treaties
• Interpretation Act (1978)


  ‘he’ will always include ‘she’, Singular will always include plural.
• Hansard


  official reports of Parliamentary debates