A03

• * evidence from harris?

  • had confederates push in front of people ques in shops
  • found that if person was closer to front of que were more likely to respond in aggressive way tha if they were towards back
  • shows aggression is result of frustration & due to proximity of goal
  • theyre more closer to goal
• evidence to support from pastore?

  • gave p series pf situation to rate how aggressive they would feel in
  • included situations such as waiting for bus & see it drive straight past
  • found p were more angrier & aggressive in responses when situations were frustrating
  • when justified p rated themselves lower - less aggressive than when left unjustified
  • shows aggression is result of frustration & due to justification less likely to be aggressive
• * evidence to support from przybylski?

  • p invited to take part in study about video games
  • before playing - place hands in ice cold bath of water - 25s
  • were told this length of time was determined by earlier p - untrue
  • given game of tetris to play - half regular - half bastet
  • after p had to decide how long next p had to submerge hand in ice water for
  • found those who played bastet - longer punishments by mean 10s
  • neither game was violent yet aggression increased in bastet version
  • shows aggression is result of frustration as p gave longer punishments when they played more frustrated game of tetris
• X too simplistic?

  • there are individual differences in aggression that cant be accounted for by this hypothesis
  • many people are frustrated daily yet they do not end up becoming aggressive
  • suggests may be other factors that cause aggression in some people but not in others
  • genetic - people become aggressive as they have inherited defective MAOA-L gene - less serotonin broken down
  • does not explain why an aggressive response is not universal
  • shows must be another better explanation
• X not all types of frustration causes aggression?

  • research has shown that aggression only occur with unjustified reasons not justified
  • eg if theres legitimate reason behind frustration you are less likely to be aggressive compared to unjustified frustration
  • not all frustration causes aggression so there must be other factors affecting aggression