History

• Bailey-courtyard in a castle
• Chivalry- the code of behaviour of knights during the Middle Ages or medieval times
• Feudalism-system of land ownership and government during the Middle Ages
• Fief-land given by a king to a lord (vassal) in the Middle Ages (medieval times)
• Freemen-peasants who paid a money rent and could move away whenever they wanted to
• Gothic—style of architecture in the Middle Ages with pointed arches and windows
• Gothic-style of architecture in the Middle Ages with pointed arches and windows
• Knight-a mounted soldier in armour trained to fight for his king in the Middle Ages (medieval times)
• Manor-a village and the land around it in the Middle Ages
• Medieval society-life in the Middle Ages
• Medieval times-centuries during the Middle Ages
• Middle Ages-centuries between Ancient Rome and the Renaissance
• Monastery-building that is occupied by monks in a religious order (common in medieval times)
• Motte and bailey castles-castles build of timber in early medieval times with a mound (motte) and a courtyard (bailey)
• Nunnery-convent; building that is occupied by nuns in a religious order (common in medieval times)
• Peasant-small farmer or farm labourer, who rented land to grow crops or keep animals; often poorer class in the countryside
• Pillory-timber frames used in medieval times for punishment when people had their heads locked in place
• Romanesque-Roman-style architecture with rounded windows and do
• Rule of St Benedict-rules for monasteries and nunneries in medieval times (Middle Ages)
• Serf-a peasant who worked the land for a lord in the Middle Ages, and had to have the permission of their lord to leave the village
• Stocks-timber frames used in medieval times for punishment when people had their legs locked in place
• Society based around the feudal system

  •Hierarchy based on land ownership, with the king at the top and peasants at the bottom

  •Land meant wealth and power
• Lord

  • Got land from king

  • Organised the business of the

  castle*

  • Controlled his territory

  • Carried out the wishes of the king

  • Held court, settled disputes among his knights and tenants

  • Passed land to eldest son

  • Fought for his king

  • Provided feasts for visiting lords
• Lady

  • Married off by her parents to the lord

  • Brought dowry on marriage

  • In charge of daily running of the

  castle*

  • In charge of the stores, baking, brewing and the wine cellar

  • Gave directions to servants

  • Spun flax and wool for thread

  • Responsible for daughters’ education
• Building Castles

  -Inner bailey

  • Towers (turrets)
  • Outer bailey
  • Portcullis
  • Curtain wall
  • Drawbridge

  -moat
• Merchants or traders-• Bought and sold goods

  • Fairs and markets
• Craftsmen-• Made and sold goods • Shoemakers,

  carpenters, bakers

  • Workshops

  • Master craftsman

  • Apprentices

  • Journeymen

  • Guild

  • Modern street name
• Caravel-ship used by Portuguese and Spanish to explore coasts of Africa and America
• Carvel built-planks of wood laid edge-to-edge used in building caravels in the Age of Exploration
• Colonisation-where a country takes over another country, spreads its culture and settles its people there
• Columbian Exchange-the transfer of goods, food, culture, technology across the Atlantic Ocean between the Americas and Europe, Africa and Asia.
• Commemoration-remembering historically significant events or people
• Conquest- where people or country take control of another people or country by military force
• Conquistadors-Spanish conquerors who defeated native empires in Central and South America
• Controversy-an issue or event which is disputed or not agreed on by different groups
• Empire-a group of countries ruled by another country
• Exploration, Age of-the period in 15th and 16th centuries when European countries explored or searched for other countries in the world
• Genocide-the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular nation or ethnic group
• Impact-the effect or influence of a movement, event or person
• Log and line-used on ships of the Age of Exploration to work out the speed of the ship