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organisation - biology
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School resources - organisation
gcse biology > organisation - biology
148 cards
bioenergetics
gcse biology > organisation - biology
31 cards
Cards (273)
Cells are the basic
building blocks
of all living
organisms
Tissue
A group of
cells
with similar structure and
function
Organ
A group of
tissues
performing specific
functions
Organ system
A group of
organs
performing a specific
function
Organism
A group of
organ
systems together
Enzymes
Protein molecules found in cells that
speed
up
reactions
in the body
Enzymes
They can be
reused
as their
shape
remains unchanged
They depend on their
shape
to work
Lock and key model
Explains how enzymes work - the
substrate
molecule (key) fits into the active site (
lock
) of the enzyme
Metabolism
Reactions that build up and
break down
molecules, controlled by
enzymes
Optimum temperature
The temperature at which an
enzyme
works at its
fastest
rate
Denaturation
When the
shape
of the enzyme's active site is permanently changed, causing it to stop
working
Optimum pH
The pH at which an
enzyme
works at its
fastest
rate
Different
enzymes
have different optimum
pHs
Digestive system
An
organ system
where several organs work together to digest and
absorb
food
Key digestive enzymes
Carbohydrase
Lipase
Amylase
Protease
Carbohydrase
Enzymes that
break down carbohydrates
Amylase
A type of carbohydrase that breaks down
starch
Protease
Enzymes that break down
proteins
Lipase
Enzymes that break down
lipids
Bile
Produced by the
liver
, helps digest
lipids
by emulsifying them
Iodine test
Tests for the presence of
starch
- turns blue-black in the presence of
starch
Biuret test
Tests for the presence of
proteins
- turns
lilac
in the presence of proteins
Lipid
test
Tests for the presence of
lipids
- forms a
cloudy white emulsion
Benedict's
test
Tests for the presence of
sugars
- changes colour from
blue
to brick red
Double circulatory system
Blood
is pumped to the body by the left side of the heart and to the
lungs
by the right side
Parts of the heart
Left
atrium
Left
ventricle
Right
ventricle
Right
atrium
Pacemaker
Controls the resting heart rate by sending regular
electrical impulses
Artery
Has a
narrow
lumen, thick muscle and
elastic
tissue layers to withstand high pressure
Capillary
Has very thin walls, only
one cell thick
, allowing for
short diffusion distances
Lumen
The part inside where the
blood
is carried
Arteries
Narrow
lumen
Thick
layer of muscle around the artery that can
contract
to pump blood
Thick
elastic tissue layer that
recoils
and maintains pressure
Capillaries
The
smallest
blood vessels
Capillaries
Very
thin
walls, only
one
cell thick
Allow for
short diffusion
distance for
gas exchange
Very narrow, so
red blood cells
travel in
single
line
Veins
Larger lumen
compared to
arteries
Thinner
walls made of
elastic
and muscle tissue
Have
valves
to prevent
backflow
of blood
Components of blood
Plasma
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
The liquid part of
blood
that
transports
dissolved substances
Red blood cells
Contain
hemoglobin
which carries
oxygen
, have a biconcave shape to increase surface area
Platelets
Small
cell
fragments that help blood to
clot
Blood
is considered a tissue made of plasma in which red and white blood cells and
platelets
are suspended
Coronary arteries
Supply the heart muscle with
oxygen
and
glucose
See all 273 cards