Exploration

• What made exploration possible?

  Better ships and better equipment for navigation
• What is latitude?


  Distance north or south of the equator
• What is longitude?


  Distance east or west
• Why were the ships better?

  Clinker built, square and lateen sails, rudders and castles
• What was used to measure latitud?

  quadrants
• what were the maps called?

  portolan charts
• what is conquest?


  to take control of a place by military force
• what is colonisation?


  settling among native people of the land
• what centuries did the Europeans decide to explore the world?

  15th and 16th century
• who led the explorations

  Spanish and Portuguese people
• What did the Portuguese want to do?

  1. Find gold 2. Defeat Muslims 3. Profit from new trade
• Bartholomew Diaz & Vasco De Gama

  Portuguese sailors sailed around the coast of Africa until they made India Diaz, 2 ships, cape of good hope…10 years later Da Gama, 4 ships, India, after 96 days
• In 1500 Pedro Cabral set sail for India, was blown off course and discovered Brazil
• Portuguese maps were made the best in Europe. Other countries sent spies to try and steal them
• Results of the Portuguese voyages?

  1. New trading post with Africa, India and the spice islands 2. Better knowledge of the African coast 3. Established trade links with African leaders and brought back gold and slaves 4. Reduced the price of spices in Europe 5. Portugal established a large empire and grew rich and powerful
• Christopher columbus 


  He was born in Genoa, Italy 1451, he needs someone to support his journey. The king of Portugal refused to pay because they wanted to go east. Columbus moved to Spain and got funding from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. They tried to beat Portugal to control the east and wanted to spread Christianity.
• Spain went west and Portugal went east
• Why did the age of exploration happen?

  Renaissance (questioned old ideas), religion(Christian V Musli, wanted to control land and trade), new trade routes(wanted spices from china to go west now not east), Marco Polo(book of his travels inspired others to travel), wealth(governments funded voyages to gain land and power)
• Columbus sailed across the Atlantic ocean in 1492 on three ships - Santa Maria, Pinta and Nina. He landed in Cuba then Haiti. He thought it was Asia so called it 'India'. He returned home as a hero but people didn't believe him at first. He had found America!
• 3rd of august, set sail 3 ships, Nina, Pinta and the Santa Maria
• Columbus kept two log books: one with true distance travelled and one with a shorter distance. To keep fearful crew members at ease
• Columbus’s first stop was in the Canary Islands
• He spotted land on the 12th of October he named this place San Salvador- He named the native people Indians because he thought he had reached Asia
• Columbus continued the voyage until he found Cuba, he thought this was Japan- He continued to Hispaniola
• The Santa Maria hit a rock and Columbus returned to Spain on the Nina