HHD MIDYEAR EXAM

• What is the WHO definition of health

  Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• WHO definition weaknesses 


  Using such a broad definition makes making a judgment on whether someone is healthy or not difficult, it does not give the opportunity for everyone to be considered healthy
• WHO definition strengths 


  Most commonly used by health professionals to define health, considers aspects other than just physical including social and mental health
• Sociocultural factors 


  Peer group, family, housing, education, employment, income and access to health information and support services.
• What are sociocultural factors

  Anything related to the social and cultural condition in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that work to raise or lower the health status experienced.
• Sociocultural factor: family


  Family provides the environment in which people are raised and is the main provider for resources such as shelter, food, clothing, nutrition, emotional support and educational opportunities. Without a supportive family youth may be more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviours.
• Sociocultural factor: peer group

  Young people turn to their peers for support and advice and they may influence their health behaviours. Peer pressure can increase risk taking behaviours.
• Sociocultural factor: housing 


  The environment a young person lives in can affect their health status. Some aspects that can have an impact are indoor pollution, kitchen facilities, over crowding, drinking water access, safety and location.
• Sociocultural factor: access to health information 


  Young people are likely to use the internet as a source of information, digital technology benefits as it improves accessibility and is self managed. Access to health information allows youth to make informed choices regarding their health
• Sociocultural factor: education 


  Can be impacted by the amount of resources an educational institution has eg. Digital technology. Education is linked with better health status, fewer physical and mental health concerns, more likely to take action on health promotion programs eg. cancer screening and more likely to be aware of healthy behaviours such as sunscreen or not smoking.
• Sociocultural factor: employment 


  Teaches key skills eg. cooking, working conditions can impact on H&W, increased social interactions, increased confidence and belonging.
• sociocultural factor: income 


  Impacts neighbourhood they grow up in, access to essentials and co curricular activities.
• Socioeconomic status 


  The levels of education, income and occupation.
• Physical H&W


  Refers to the efficient functioning of the body and it’s systems and includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities without physical restriction - is easily measured/ observed
• Social H&W


  The ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations. Being able to interact with others in an independent and cooperative way. It’s dynamic.
• Emotional H&W 


  Ability to recognise, understand and effectively manage and express emotions as well as the ability to display resilience. Emotional intelligence: the capacity to recognise and respond to either their own or others emotions.
• Mental H&W 


  Relates to the state of a persons mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. Optimal mental H&W enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic.
• Spiritual H&W 


  Relates to ideas, belief, values and ethics that arise In the mind and conscience of human beings. Includes concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on a persons place in the world. Can relate to an organised religion.
• Aboriginal and Torres straight islander perspectives

  They view health and wellbeing in a holistic manner, viewing their wellbeing as a part of the whole community and land. It’s a whole-of-life view and includes the concept of life-death-life. Culture and connection to land are very important and contribute to lower mortality and morbidity in remote communities. If connection to country is lost ill health may occur.
• Mental health 


  A state of wellbeing in which an individual realises their own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make contribution to their community.
• Mental health conditions 


  Refer to both mental health problems and mental disorders
• Mental disorders 


  An umbrella term that encompasses a wide range of mental health conditions that affect how we feel, think and behave with greater severity and for prolonged periods such as anxiety or depression.
• Anxiety 


  Includes phobias, panic disorder and generalised anxiety. It can be diagnosed if anxiety is excessive, persists for many weeks or interferes with everyday life. It comes from a concern from lack of control and is characterised by an uneasy mental state.
• Depression 


  Is a feeling of low mood that lasts for a long time and affects everyday life. It’s a medical disorder with a biological and chemical basis. Feelings of sadness or worthlessness continue for a long period of time. Comes from a mix of personal risk factors and triggering life events.
• Anxiety & depression affect on H&W


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• Mental health services 


  Headspace: provide early intervention mental health services for 12-25 year olds

  beyond blue: free online and telephone helpline for people with mental health issues
• Incidence 


  Refers to the number of (or rate) of NEW cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period
• Prevalence 


  Number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
• Burden of disease 


  A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. It is measured in DALY
• DALY


  Disability adjusted life years, one DALY is equal to one year of health life lost due to illness or death.
• Core activities 


  Self care, mobility and communication
• Health indicators 


  Standard statistics used to measure and compare health status (eg. life expectancy, mortality/morbidity rates)
• Health status 


  An individuals or populations overall health
• Hospital separations 


  Episodes of hospital care that start with admission and end after transfer, discharge or death
• K10


  Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, classifies the levels of a persons psychological distress based on their answer to ten questions in relation to emotions and mental states in the four weeks prior to the interview. (low, moderate, high and very high).
• Life expectancy 


  The number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change. Most commonly measured is life expectancy from birth.
• Morbidity 


  Ill health of an individual and levels of ill health in a population. (often expressed through incidence & prevalence)
• Mortality 


  The number of deaths in a population in a given period
• Psychological distress 


  Relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that affect an individuals level of functioning.
• YLD


  Years lost due to disability, a measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to disease, injury or disability.