Func: couples gender roles

• instrumental role


  husband works and provides for the family as the breadwinner
• expressive role


  wife is responsible for the primary socialisation of children and home maker
• Elizabeth Bott


  distinguished between segregated and joint conjugal roles
• Willmott and Young's March of Progress theory


  family gradually becoming more equal - symmetrical family
• reasons for the march of progress in conjugal roles

  -changes to women's position

  -geographical mobility

  -new tech and labour saving devices

  -high living standards
• Jonathan Gershuny


  women working full time did less domestic work than other women
• Crompton and Lyonette's cultural explanation for gender divisions

  division of labour is determined by patriarchal norms, socialisation and the shaping of gender roles. leads to lesbian couples being more symmetrical as not influenced by patriarchy
• Crompton and Lyonette's material explanation for gender divisions

  women generally earn less, so it is economically rational for women to be home makers and men breadwinners to also save money on childcare costs
• In how many households do women earn equal or more than the man

  3 in 10