BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS
Cards (23)
- Biochemical Reactions
- Chemical rxs (reactions) that take place inside the cells
- all these rxs are enzyme-catalyzed rxs
- Ligation
- joining of two nucleic acid fragments through the action of an enzyme
- Ligation
- a fundamental technique in recombinant DNA technology & genetic engineering
- TRUE
- "The Ligation of different DNA fragments can create new functional units."
- Carbocation
- a molecule having a carbon atom bearing three bonds and a positive formal charge.
- Dehydration Synthesis
- release water molecules as byproducts
- Hydrolysis
- rx in which a water mol is used during the breakdown
- Oxidation
- process that involves the loss of electrons
- Reduction
- process where there is a gain of e-
- Hydrogenation
- chemical rx between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound/element
- usually in the presence of a catalyst (Ni, Pd, Pt)
- Dehydrogenation
- removal of hydrogen, usually from an organic mol
- Carboxylation
- fixation of CO2 by plants, & bicarbonate by animals, plants, and bacteria
- Decarboxylation
- eliminates a carboxyl group and liberates CO2
- Phosphorylation
- addition of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to a mol
- Dephosphorylation
- removal of a phosphate (PO4^3-) group from an org compound by hydrolysis
- Ionization
- the formation of ions when water is added to a substance
- Dissociation
- mols separate/split into smaller particles
- Neutralization
- rx that yields salts and water when equal amts of acids and bases react
- Condensation
- rx in which two mols combine to form a single mol
- Halogenation
- introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound
- Saponification
- "hydration rx where free hydroxide breaks the ester bonds between fatty acids & glycerol of a triglyceride, resulting in free fatty acids & glycerol."
- Free radical
- species which has one or more unpaired e-
- Intermediate compounds
- compound produced in the course of the chemical rx
- not a final product, but used in further rx to produce final product.