Nic_soleil

• Lithosphere


  The solid and rigid outer layer of our planet
• Crust


  • Made of a variety of solid rocks like sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous
  • Thickest in parts where mountains are present
  • Thinnest along the ocean floor
• Types of crust


  • Oceanic crust
  • Continental crust
• Oceanic crust


  • Primarily basalt
  • 6-10 km thickness (thin relative to continental crust)
  • Denser (heavier) than continental crust
  • Contains silica and magnesium (sima)
  • Very young, most of it being under 200 million years old
• Continental crust


  • Primarily granite
  • 30-100 km thickness
  • Less dense
  • Very old, much of it being over 1500 million years
  • Contains mainly silica and aluminium (sia)
  • Granites are the most common
• Endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands (including the adrenal medulla), pancreas, ovaries/testes, and pineal gland.
• Glucose, amino acids and vitamins are actively transported back into the blood by the proximal convoluted tubule
• Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and homeostasis.
• Endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries/testes, and pineal gland.
• 7 Major Plates


  • Eurasian
  • North American
  • African-South American
  • Antarctic
  • Pacific plate
  • Australian
• Lithosphere


  Composed of the crust and the upper layer of the mantle called the asthenosphere
• Asthenosphere


  • Property of plasticity: moves slowly
• Plates float on the asthenosphere beneath


  Causing the lithosphere to move constantly in slow motion
• Crust


  The outer part of the Earth
• Oceanic crust


  • Thin part of the Earth's crust located under the oceans and made up of basaltic rocks
• Continental crust


  • Thick part of the Earth's crust located under the continents and made up of granite rocks
• The posterior pituitary stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus - antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.
• Earthquake


  A vibration of the Earth produced by the rapid release of energy most often because of the slippage along a fault in the Earth's crust
• Seismic waves


  Waves that radiate in all directions from the source of an earthquake and are recorded in seismographs
• Types of seismic waves

  • Body waves
  • Surface waves
• Body waves


  • Can travel through Earth's inner layers
  • Have higher frequency than surface waves
• Surface waves


  • Can travel above the surface
  • Arrive after body waves
  • Are more destructive
• Body waves


  • P-wave
  • S-wave
• Surface waves


  • Rayleigh wave
  • Love wave
• 1. wave (primary wave)


  • Travels through the Earth and liquids
  • Travels faster than s-wave
• 1. wave


  • Also called compressional waves
  • Travel through solid, liquids, and gases
• 1. wave (secondary or shear wave)


  • Travels slower than p-wave through Earth and solids
  • Cannot travel through any liquid medium led seismologists to conclude that the outer core is liquid
• Rayleigh wave


  • Rolls along the ground
  • Causes the shaking from earthquake
• Rayleigh wave


  Discovered by John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh
• Love wave


  • Named after A.E.H Love
  • Faster than Rayleigh waves
  • Causes the most damage during an earthquake
• Seismogram


  • The one that detects seismograph
  • Left to right graph