Fish 191: Philippine Fishing Grounds

• What is a fishing ground


  Area in a body of water that supports fisheries/fishing
• Illegal Fishing 


  use of active gears in municipal waters; destructive fishing
• Unreported Fishing


  include misreporting; undocumented illegal fishing activities
• Unregulated Fishing 


  fishing beyond biological, ecological limits, or as prescribed by the law
• FAO 263 s. 2019


  Establishment of FMAs, divided the Philippine waters into 12 strategic areas for co-management strategies
• Subsistence Fishing


  Fishing for household consumption, no profit involved
• Territorial Water


  full sovereignty
• Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)


  sovereign rights
• Sustainability 


  ability to maintain and persist; balance of extraction and recovery; rate of extraction permit regulation
• Critical habitats


  areas supporting important species, ecosystem, and services and therefore need protection
• Harvest control measures 


  quota systems, gear restrictions, closed and open season, size limits, restriction in capture of varied commodities
• Why are harvest control measures implemented

  to avoid total depletion of a resource and maintain species population in safe levels
• Overfishing 


  Excessive extraction of fishery resources
• Malthusian Overfishing


  fishers resort to destructive or illegal practices
• Small-scale fisheries


  simple gears, low investment; often family or community based; small or no vessel
• Vessel Monitoring System (VMS)


  system tracking fishing activities of commercial fishing vessels; particularly for Philippine-flagged vessels fishing at the high seas (beyond EEZ)\
• WCPO (Western Central Pacific Ocean)

  Fishing Area 71 - fishing pocket
• Ocean literacy


  understating of individual and collective impact on the ocean and its impact on our lives and welbeing
• Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM)


  strived for balance between, environment, political, and social aspects
• Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM)


  strived for balance between, environment, political, and social aspects
• Fishing effort 


  time/unit of work (no of fishers)/material/equipment needed for a specific fishing gear/method
• Fishing effort 


  time/unit of work (no of fishers)/material/equipment needed for a specific fishing gear/method
• Fishing effort


  denominator of catch per unit effort (CPUE)
• Local Ecological Knowledge 


  knowledge about nature, including organisms (animals and plants), ecosystem and ecological interactions, held by local people who interact with and use natural resources
• Local Ecological Knowledge 


  knowledge about nature, including organisms (animals and plants), ecosystem and ecological interactions, held by local people who interact with and use natural resources
• Marine Protected Area (MPA)


  defined region managed for long-term conservation of marine resources, ecosystem services or cultural heritage
• Citizen Science 


  research involving the public
• Ecosystem overfishing


  ecological imbalance caused by excessive fishing - removal of one species in a food chain
• Tragedy of the commons 


  individuals with access to common resources act in their own interest and in doing so, deplete resources
• IT IS A UNIQUE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE THAT SPREADS

  ALMOST 80 NAUTICAL MILES IN CENTRAL VISAYAS.

  Philippine Barrier Reef
• PHILIPPINES’ RANKING IN FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTION IN

  2013

  11th
• A METHOD OF FISHING THAT CAN ONLY BE CONVENIENT IF THE

  FISHES ARE HUNGRY.

  Hook and Line
• THE ABSENCE OF THIS TYPE OF WIND AFFECTED THE

  ABUNDANCE OF MARINE RESOURCES AND CAUSED MAJOR

  SUFFERING AND DIFFICULTY TO THE PEOPLE OF PURO ISLAND

  Habagat
• AMIHAN WIND BRINGS ...

  Cold wind and seas
• THESE ARE THE PEOPLE WHO LACK CONTROL, MARKET,

  AND CAPITAL OVER THE PRICES OF THEIR PRODUCTS

  Tauhan
• FISHERS IN PURO ISLAND HAVE PRACTICED SEASONAL

  MIGRATIONS OR TEMPORARY SOJOURNS TO OTHER FISHING

  GROUNDS. HOW LONG DOES IT USUALLY TAKE THEM TO BE AWAY

  FROM THE ISLAND?

  Three months
• WHAT WERE THE CITIES MENTIONED IN Castillo (2011) WHERE THE RESIDENTS OF THE ISLAND PURO MIGRATED, WHERE THERE ARE ALREADY

  OVERFLOWING MIGRANT WORKERS?

  Cebu and Manila
• PRIOR TO 2010, WHENEVER THE FISHERS WERE OFFERED WORK

  OUTSIDE OF THE ISLAND, THEY WOULD REJECT IT BECAUSE THEIR

  FISHING LIVELIHOOD OFFERED MORE ECONOMIC RETURNS.

  HOWEVER, MANY RESIDENTS MIGRATED TO SEEK WORK THAT IS

  NO LONGER BASED ON THE SEA. WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE

  REASON BEHIND THIS SHIFT OF PRINCIPLE? STATE YOUR

  ANSWERS IN NOT MORE THAN 2 SENTENCES. (2PTS)

  For survival
• These countries have a rate of production from wild-caught

  fisheries that increased faster than their local demand for

  fish

  Ghana, Thailand, Philippines
• These contribute 85% of of the global farmed salmon and

  heavily dependent on imported fishmeal

  Norway, UK, Canada