Stuarts 1.4

• What are the elements we study with regards to charles and parliament between 1640 and 1642 (3) - The short and long parliaments - The causes of the first civil war - The factors that caused the first civil war
• Describe the problems with the short parliament in terms of the short and long parliaments (2) - Charles expected parliament to be obeidient, granting him taxes without concessions and he continued to rally for funds stating he would address grievances after he had gained taxes - Parliament stated they would only grant taxes if grievances were dealt with first, including guarentees to be able to sit following personal rule and protection from dissolution and illegality of extra parliamentary taxation
• Describe the impact of the short parliament in terms of the short and long parliaments (2) - The failure of the parliament led to MPs turning to and working with the scots to try and force charles to address their grievances with the second bishops war - It also allows scots to win the second bishops war as charles lacked funds
• Describe the long parliament from (november 1640- august 1642) in terms of the short and long parliaments (2) - Charles was forced to recall parliament as a result of the treaty of ripon, charles was in a weak position and was forced to concede to reforms in parliament that stopped personal rule occuring again
• Describe the elements of the causes of the frist civil war (2) - The long parliament between 1640 and august 1642 - The crises of 1641-1642 - Final causes of the outbreak of the war
• Describe the elements of the long parliament between november 1640 and august 1642 in terms of why it contributed as a cause of the first civil war (3) - Aims and policies of charles and the opposition (november 1640) - Long parliaments dismantling of prerogative government (november 1640 to august 1641) - Divisions within parliament (1641)
• Describe the aims and policies of charles with regards to the aims of policies of charles and the opposition (november 1640) in terms of the causes of the first civil war (2) - Charles was in a weak position aduring the long parliament having alienated many groups during personal rule, and had financial issues like 25% compliance on ship money and funding scots army with £850 a day - Charles belief in divine right led him to believe that what he did during personal rule was not wrong however his position led to him opting to accept all of parliamens reforms during 1640
• Describe the aims and policies of parliament after personal rule with regards to the aims of policies of charles and the opposition (november 1640) in terms of the causes of the first civil war - United by john pym after personal rule in wanting to pass legislature to prevent personal rule happening again and remove all of the kings evil advisors like laud and strafford
• Describe the long parliaments dismantling of prerogative government in terms of the long parliaments causing of the first civil war (4) - Fiscal feudalism dismantled by imposing laws - Right of parliament to sit developed - To develop and arbitrary legal system - Removal of laud in december 1640 and imprisoning of strafford in november 1640
• Describe fiscal feudalism dismantling by imposing laws with regards to parliaments dismantling of prerogative government in terms of the long parliaments causing of the first civil war - Ship money act of 1640 made ship money illegal - Tonnage and poundage act of 1641 made the tax only granted with parliamentary permission - Limitations of forest act of 1641 limited forests to 1623 boundaries
• Describe the right of parliament to sit being developed with regards to parliaments dismantling of prerogative government in terms of the long parliaments causing of the first civil war (2) - Triennal act of february 1641 stated that if no parliament had sat for 3 years then it would be automatically recalled - Act against dissolution may 1641 parliament could only be dissolved if they voted to dissolve themselves
• Describe the development of an arbitrary legal system with regards to parliaments dismantling of prerogative government in terms of the long parliaments causing of the first civil war (2) - Hebeaus corpus act of 1640 abolished the star chamber as it allowed for legal cases to be held in secret by the privy council, representing charles control over the courts and as a means to rule outside of parliaments law - Council of the north abolished
• Describe the 3 divisions in parliament in terms of the long parliaments causing of the first civil war (3) - Trial and execution of Strafford - march to may 1641 - Divisions over popular radicalism - Divisions over religion
• Describe the trial and execution of strafford with regards to divisions in parliament in terms of the long parliaments causing of the first civil war (4) - Put on trial because he was seen as a figureheaf for personal rule through the policy of thorough being seen as absolutism and parliament feared his ruthless efficiency - Pym brough impeachment proceedings on strafford trialling him in the house of lords, the prosecution failed due to insufficient evidence - The army plot of April 1641 included a rumoured military attempt to free strafford by charles, allowing pym to rouse support for the b...
• Describe divisions over popular radicalism with regards to divisions in parliament in terms of the long parliaments causing of the first civil war (2) -The refroms to dismantle prerogative government led to civilians feeling confident to express their anger at personal rule, leading to the development of the london mob who pym believed he could harness to gain further concessions - December 1640 root and branch petition was singed by 15,000 londoners to overthrow the episcopal system, causing riots to break out with puritans destroying innovations in 4 out of 5 london churches by august 1641
• Describe divisions over religion with regards to divisions in parliament in terms of the long parliaments causing of the first civil war - May 1641 root and branch petition was redrafted by radicals like pym into root and branch bill to be presented to parliament, it intended to root out episcopacy and abolish positions of archbishop and bishop, radically changing the church of england
• Describe the crises of 1641 to 1642 in terms of the causes of the first civil war (2) - Irish rebellion which led to the grand remonstrance and militia bill - Attempted arrest of the five members
• Describe the causes and overview of the irish rebellion with regards to the irish rebellion in terms of the crisis of 1641-42 causing of the first civil war (2) - Caused by a combination of elements like straffords policies in ireland introducing anglican church and removing old english power and other things like catholics being evicted for new english protestant plantations - On the 21st october 1641 the nativ irish catholics began attacking new protestant plantations and old enflish landowners began attacking charles castles, stories reached england of 20,000 protestants being murdured
• Describe the significance of the irish rebellion with regards to the irish rebellion in terms of the crisis of 1641-42 causing of the first civil war - The threat towards protestants in ireland radicalised parliament with pym using the irish rebellion to make charles look untrustworthy and pursue radical action in response like the militia bill and grand remonstrance
• Describe the two impacts in parliament of the irish rebellion - The grand remonstrance in November through december 1641 - Militia bill on the 7th december 1641
• Describe and overview of the grand remonstrance with regards to the impacts in parliament of the irish rebellion in terms of how the crises of 1641-1642 caused the first civil war (2) - It blamed papists and corrupt bishops and privy councilors for influencing charles, it proposed purging the house of lords of bishops, parliament having a say over privy councillor appointment and church to be reformed under an assembly - It was a 204 point list of complaints about charles rule which pym introduced after the irish revolt, including complaints about religious innovations, popish soap monopoly an...
• Describe the outcome of the grand remonstrance with regards to the impacts in parliament of the irish rebellion in terms of how the crises of 1641-1642 caused the first civil war (3) - 159 voted for, 148 voted against, it was divided as moderates saw this as a rejection of the kings authority, highlighting divisions in parliament caused by pym - Pym published the remonstrance to the people, which sparked further divisions in parliament as this incited the london mob to push a radical agenda, moderates opposed this - Charles responded on the 23rd of december framing himself as the defender of e...
• Describe the militia bill with regards to the impacts in parliament of the irish rebellion in terms of how the crises of 1641-1642 caused the first civil war (2) - The bill stated that the king was to have no power to summon milita and parliament would be given power to appoint commanders, they did this to prevent charles using the army against them in the future, and perhaps to use the army to defend protestants in ireland - This was a breach of the kings royal prerogatives
• Describe the causes and overview of the attempted arrest of the five members on the 4th january 1642 with regards to the attempted arrest of the five members in terms of how the crises of 1641-1642 caused the first civil war (3) - Caused by pym and parliament demanding too much change with the grand remonstrance and the milita bill, it was also caused by parliament inciting popular radicalism by publishing the remosntrance and drafting the root and branch petition into a bill - On the 3rd January 1642 Charles issued impeachment proceedings on Pym, Hampden, Holles, Haselrig and strode, a day la...
• Describe the impact of the attempted arrest of the 5 members with regards to the attempted arrest of the five members in terms of how the crises of 1641-1642 caused the first civil war (3) - It resulted in increased parliamentarian support as charles had broken ancient constitutional conventions, he was not allowed to enter the commons and breached freedom from arrest while sitting - Resulted in civil war becoming inevitable as charles had violated parliamentary priveliges with groups rising against the king across the country - the london mob surged to the streets, londons gates were closed ...
• Describe the two final causes of the outbreak of the civil war in terms of the causes of the first civil war (2) - Militia ordinance (march 1642) - Nineteen propositions (june 1642) - On August 22nd charles raised his standard in nottingham signalling the start of the war
• Describe the milita ordinance with regards to the final causes of the outbreak of civil war in terms of the causes of the first civil war - The militia bill was changed to the militia ordinance, which meant parliament claimed the right to appoint commanders and summon militia, it was published without charles consent, defying his right to control the army
• Describe the nineteen propositions of june 1642 with regards to the final causes of the outbreak of civil war in terms of the causes of the first civil war (2) - A final radical proposal for a relationship between parliament and charles including five members to be cleared of all charles, parliamentary control over royal children, approval of the militia ordinance - This was effectively a declaration of war as parliament knew he would reject as for charles the propositions were a subversion of the fundamental laws
• Describe the three factors that caused the civil war (use as a paragraph plan) - Charles Actions - Parliamentary radicalism - Events in ireland
• Describe charles actions in terms of a summary of the factors that caused the first civil war (3) - Attempted arrest of the five members made him seem tyrannical - Rejecting the nineteen propositions effectively declaring war - Charles attitude towards the short parliament and his rule during personal rule (could mention the bishops wars/thorough in ireland and the north), this led to massive mistrust and effectively led to parliament pursuing radical action
• Describe parliamentary radicalism in terms of a summary of the factors that caused the first civil war (3) - Pyms junto pursued radicalsim through encouragin radical propositions like the nineteen propositions (effectively declaring war), the redrafting of root and brach petition into a bill - Parliaments pursuit of the trial and execution of strafford developed irreversible divisions - Pym optimising the use of the london mob to pursue a radical agenda, while it could be considered charles acceptance of the dismantling of prerogative government led to the creation of an environment that allow...
• Describe the events in ireland in terms of a summary of the factors that caused the first civil war (3) - Arguably the irish revolt was the turning point causing the first civil war as some stability had been achieved following dismantling of prerogative government - The irish revolt sparked issues like the grand remonstrance, milita bill - Led to the formation of two armies, which led to civil war becoming inevitable, charles raised his by commissions of array and parliament through the militia ordinance
• Describe the elements we discuss throughout the civil war (4) - Parliamentary and royalist strengths and weakenesses - Course and outcome of first civil war - Factors that caused parliament to win the frist civil war - Development of neutralism
• Descrone the royalist strengths in terms of royalist and parliamentary strengths and weaknesses at the start of the first civil war (3) - Tradition and loyalty - people had a natural alliance with the king and believed in his divine right, some viewed parliament as rebels trying to radically change the church - Financial backing - Rich nobles sided with charles and donated large amounts like the ear of worcester who donated £900,000 over the course of the war - Unified command structure - charles acted as commander in chief and no one challenged his authority, easying the decision making proce...
• Describe royalist weaknesses in terms of royalist and parliamentary strengths and weaknesses at the start of the first civil war (3) - Unified command structure - while no one challenged the kings authority, charles was indecisive, in the battle of edgehill he delayed entering london to consider peace allowing the ear of essex's army to outflank charles army and stop ruperts forces at turnham green - Geographical control - Charles controlled poorer lower populated areas, yorks population was 10,000 compared with londons 400,000 - Long term issues - charles lacked a sustainable financial source...
• Describe parliamentarian strengths in terms of royalist and parliamentary strengths and weaknesses at the start of the first civil war (2) - Geographical control - 400,000 lived in London, 20,000 in norwichb, the two highest population towns allowing parliament to abuse wealthy regions for funds, charles needed to take london to win the war - Control of the navy - Ear of warwick was a parliamentarian who commanded a strong navy following charles naval investment during personal rule, the navy was able to intercept charles call on the dutch for support and it enabled them to collect tax through...
• Describe palriamentary weaknesses in terms of royalist and parliamentary strengths and weaknesses at the start of the first civil war (3) - Political divisions over aims - Finances - Miltary divisions - parliaments armies were split regionally, each army more concerned about protecting their own region, meaning a coherent national strategy was difficult to achieve
• Describe political divisions over aims with regards to parliamentary weakness in terms of royalist and parliamentary strengths and weaknesses at the start of the first civil war (2) - Parliament established the committee of safety to oversee war effort, the institution was divided into peace, war and middle groups, the leading military generals like the earl of essex (who was middle) were also divided - Peace group wanted to achieve peace without losing 1641 reforms, middle wanted to negotiate from a position of power, war wanted a new constitution and a republic
• Describe finances with regards to parliamentary weakness in terms of royalist and parliamentary strengths and weaknesses at the start of the first civil war (3) - 1642 parliament was forced to tax london 100,000, but by 1643 they developed a fiscal military state that established a form of taxation more sustainable than charles - February 1643 weekly assessment ordinance raised 600,000 a year and funded the new model army when it was formed - Excise ordinace of july 1643 taxed production and licensing of goods extendign eventually to everyday items, while prompting resentment it did raise 300...
• Describe the period of August 1642 to august 1643 in terms of the course and outcome of the first civil war (4) - October 1642 Battle of edgehill, charles indecisivity plays a role, but ultimatley the kings cavalry performs well, niether side won by it gave charles a chance to capture london - November 1642 battle of turnham green, Ruperts forces attempt to capture london, after charles delayed attacks from edgehill it gave londoners time to sign up to defend the city and the earl of essex's army time to outflank - Negotiations for treaty of oxford begin in february and end in april 1643 - Ba...