RELIGION

• Religion


  Belief in spiritual beings
• Religion (as defined by Emile Durkheim)


  A unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say set apart and forbidden, beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community, called a church, all those who adhere to them
• What people associate with religion


  • Places of worship (a synagogue or church)
  • A practice (confession or meditation)
  • A concept that guides their daily lives (like dharma or sin)
• Religion is a system of beliefs, values, and practices concerning what a person holds sacred or considers to be spiritually significant
• Religion


  • It is a social institution
  • It exists as an organized and integrated set of beliefs, behaviors, and norms centered on basic social needs and values
  • It is a cultural universal found in all social groups
• Common elements in a funeral ceremony

  • Announcement of the death
  • Care of the deceased
  • Disposition
  • Ceremony or ritual
• Types of religious experience

  • Religious experience
  • Religious belief
  • Religious rituals
• Religious experience


  The conviction or sensation that one is connected to "the divine"
• Religious belief


  Specific ideas that members of a particular faith hold to be true
• Forms of belief in the divine

  • Animism: The belief that physical things are occupied by spirits
  • Monotheism: The belief in the existence of one god
  • Polytheism: The belief in the existence of many gods
• Religious rituals


  Behaviors or practices that are either required or expected of the members of a particular group
• Judaism


  One of the world's oldest monotheistic religions, dating back nearly 4,000 years
• Judaism


  • Followers believe in one God who revealed himself through ancient prophets
  • Has a rich heritage of law, culture and tradition
• Patriarch


  One of the scriptural fathers of the human race or of the Hebrew people
• Prophet


  • One who utters divinely inspired revelations
  • One gifted with more than ordinary spiritual and moral insight
• Judaism got its name from one of the ancient twelve tribes of Israel, the tribe that survived during the all out war between different conquerors of the land such as the Byzantines and ancient Persian Empire
• Beliefs of Judaism


  • Monotheistic religion built on the belief that Jews are the "chosen people" of God
  • Rich in traditions, rituals, and holidays, which commemorate the past, celebrate the present, and express hope for the future
  • One of the three Abrahamic faiths which includes both Christianity and Islam
• The word "antisemitism" means prejudice against or hatred of Jews. The Holocaust, the state-sponsored persecution and murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945, is history's most extreme example of antisemitism
• Christianity


  One of the most influential religions in history, with approximately two billion followers
• Branches of Christianity


  • Roman Catholicism
  • Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Protestantism
• Christians share common beliefs and practices, including a day of worship services (usually on Sundays) and adherence to the teachings of Christ which promotes compassion, charity, justice, peace, hope, and love
• Bible


  The primary sacred text of Christianity, made up of the Old Testament and the New Testament
• Judaic tradition in Christianity

  • Originally, the first followers of Jesus were Jewish people, even Jesus himself was born in a Jewish family
  • Christians adhere to some Jewish practices
  • Jesus was the long awaited Messiah (Savior) which was anticipated by the early Jewish people
• Connections between Christianity and the Roman Empire


  • The early followers of Jesus were citizens of Rome
  • During His time in Judea he gained followers and even instituted the 12 apostles
  • Eventually spread the teachings of Christ throughout the world
• The word "Testament" means "covenant", hence the idea of both the old and the New testaments of the Bible reflects the Christian perspective, "The Church is the successor to Israel as God's chosen people"
• Notable facts about Christianity

  • Largest number of adherents in the World
  • One of the largest and most prevalent world religion that is derived from Judaism
  • Believes that Jesus is both human and divine, and the redeemer of human kind
  • Its three main branches include Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism
  • One of the three Abrahamic faiths together with Judaism and Islam
• Islam


  A religion that found its beginnings when a man named Muhammad was visited by angel Gabriel
• Muhammad was born in Mecca in Saudi Arabia in 570 CE to the powerful tribe of the Quraish/Quraysh
• Muhammad was visited by the angel Gabriel inside a cave on mount Nur, then recited the verses found in Quran
• Islam


  In its literal sense, means "absolute surrender or submission to the will of Allah"
• Five fundamental pillars of Islam

  • Shahada: The profession of faith of Muslim
• Allah


  The Arabic term for God
• Christianity


  Jesus is considered both human and divine, and the redeemer of human kind
• Main branches of Christianity

  • Roman Catholicism
  • Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Protestantism
• Christianity


  One of the three Abrahamic faiths together with Judaism and Islam
• Islam


  Founded when a man named Muhammad was visited by angel Gabriel
• Muhammad was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia in 570 CE
• Muhammad was born to the powerful tribe of the Quraish/Quraysh in Mecca
• Muhammad's father, Abdullah, died soon after his marriage to Aminah (Muhammad's mother)
• Islam


  Means "absolute surrender or submission to the will of Allah"