CSMP

• Place


  Multifaceted, shaped by shifting flows and connections which change over time
• Lympstone Case study


  • Contrasting place profiles
• Toxteth Case study


  • Contrasting place profiles
• People see, experience, and understand place in different ways, this can also change over time
• Place


  Refers to both the human and physical characteristics of a location. Places are multifaceted and shaped by shifting flows and connections which change over time
• Space


  Exists between places and do not have the meaning that places do, they are more abstract
• Place dynamics


  1. Endogenous changes (internal)

  2. Exogenous changes (external)
• Perception


  The organisation, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment
• Factors affecting people's perceptions of place

  • Age
  • Gender
  • Sexuality
  • Religion
  • Role
• Age


  Major factor affecting people's perceptions of where they would like to live, as their priorities change
• Gender


  Traditionally, many places have been defined as typically male or female. Certain places can be perceived as unsafe purely on the basis of gender
• Sexuality


  LGBT 'zones' have been identified and mapped. These areas centre on concentration of 'gay friendly' restaurants, bars and clubs
• Religion


  One particular location can represent great religious significance for numerous people
• Role


  Everyone performs a variety of roles at different times. The role we have at any one time can influence our perceptions of a location and how we behave
• Globalisation


  The growing integration and interdependence of people's lives is a complex process with economic, social, political and environmental components
• Time-space compression


  Enabled by the knowledge economy, involves the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world
• Globalisation and time space compression has led to a feeling of 'placelessness' where local culture and identity has been eroded, this may affect people's perception of a place
• Globalisation can also lead to some people feeling that the local place has been done a disservice as local, more unique businesses might be put out of operation, creating feelings of dis-location
• Place attachment


  The emotional bond between person and place
• Emotional geography


  A subtopic within human geography, dealing with the relationships between emotions and geographic places, and their contextual environment
• Personal experiences


  If we have positive or negative experiences of a place, we are likely to have strong emotional attachments to that place
• Social experiences


  We can have memories and feelings as part of a group, e.g. the strong emotional attachment some sports fans feel to their team's home ground
• Belonging to a diaspora entails a consciousness of, or emotional attachment to, commonly claimed origins and cultural attributes associated with them
• Kurds


  One of the largest stateless nations in the world, most live in contiguous areas of Iraq, Iran, and Turkey
• Places are represented through a variety of contrasting formal and informal agencies
• Informal representations of place


  • TV
  • Film
  • Music
  • Art
  • Photography
  • Literature
  • Graffiti
  • Blogs
• Media contributes to our way of knowing places, even if we haven't been to that place before, or even if they are not 'accurate' representations of the place
• The London Tube Map is also a type of informal representation. It represents the relationship between places but does not show accurate geographical locations
• Formal representation of place

  • Census data
  • Geospatial data
• Formal representation


  Quantitative data that can be numerically quantified and statistically analysed
• Census data


  Snapshot of a particular time/day, becomes out of date quickly, boundaries can change making comparisons difficult, does not convey how people live their lives
• Maps


  Show data with clear locational position, can show quantitative demographic and economic data
• Processes changing rural and urban places

  • Re-urbanisation
  • Intra-urban migration
  • Counter urbanisation
  • Suburbanisation
• The distribution of resources, wealth, and opportunities are not evenly spread within and between places
• Social inequality


  The unequal distribution of factors such as income, education, or health across a population
• Quality of life


  The extent to which people's needs and desires (social, psychosocial, and physical) are met
• Standard of living


  The ability to access services and goods
• Deprivation


  When the quality of life and the standard of living are low
• Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)

  UK government measure of relative levels of deprivation across 7 factors
• The State of the North report found that London received the equivalent of £12,147 per person in public investment, compared to only £8,125 per person in the North