war of independence

• nationalist groups: home rule party, irb, liberal party, sinn féin
• Home Rule Party: very popular nationalist group, wanted a parliament in dublin for internal affairs and one in london for external affairs. had peaceful methods
• Sinn Féin: founded by Arthur Griffith. small party, used passive resistance and wanted full independence
• liberal party wanted a parliament in dublin, laws could no longer be blocked could only be delayed by 2 years (known as the parliament act)
• 200,000 unionists signed ulster solemn league and covenant as well as another signed by 250,000 women, some in blood, to prevent hone rule
• uvf- ulster (unionists). ivf- irish (nationalists)
• plans for rising after ww1 started since britain would be distracted
• why did 1916 rising fail: irish volunteers outnumbered 20 to 1, british army was more powerful (had the helga and more artillery), aud captured meaning a shortage of guns, occurred in centre of dublin (buildings were surrounded) and not supported by the people of dublin
• results of 1916 rising: 500 killed, 2,500 injured, millions worth of damage, military in control (2,000 people imprisoned without trial), first reaction of people (angry with rebels), 90 people sentenced to death, later reactions of people (death and imprisonment changed people’s minds, supported rebels), and rise of sinn féin (rumoured to have participated)
• Eamon De Valera was head of alternative sinn féin
• guerilla warfare: hit and run
• bloody sunday: 1920, michael collins had his squad kill a group of british agents who were investigating the ira. 14 killed in their houses/hotels. later that day, in revenge auxiliaries and black + tans shot into the crowd of croke park during a match, killing 14 people including a player called michael hogan
• Anglo-irish treaty: irelnd was independent but still part of british commonwealth, members of dai/seanad had to take an oath of loyalty to the king, 3 western ports used by britain, 28 counties to ireland