A03

• Rusbult's model features high ecological validity because it can easily explain relationships by shifting the focus from relationship satisfaction to that of investment and viable alternatives as demonstrated by Rusbult and Martz (1995 - why battered women return to abusive partners).
• Although self-report measures are usually criticised as lacking objectivity and creating qualitative data, this is not the case with Rusbult's model. The key elements of his model focus on an individual's perception of their investments, resources, and energy, as opposed to a quantitative value. This makes sense and has high ecological validity.
• One limitation of Rusbult's model is its lack of consideration of other factors such as personality traits or cultural influences which may affect decisions regarding commitment. For example, some people may be more likely than others to forgive infidelities due to differences in attachment styles. Similarly, different cultures may place greater emphasis on certain types of investment over others.
• Another criticism of Rusbult's model is that it assumes individuals make rational choices based solely on cost/benefit analysis. However, emotions play a significant role in decision making, particularly when it comes to romantic relationships. People often stay in unhappy relationships out of fear of being alone rather than weighing up the costs and benefits.
• A third limitation of Rusbult's model is that it does not take into account external pressures or societal norms that influence decisions around commitment. For instance, religious beliefs or social stigma against divorce could impact an individual's choice to remain committed even if they feel dissatisfied.