It era

• Computer networking


  A set of computers of different types, terminals, telephones, and other communication equipment, connected by data communication links, which allow the network components to work together
• Network


  • Two or more computers that can interconnect in a peer-to-peer or client to server fashion most often over a shared and virtual connection
  • Provides the connection between computer resources in order to accommodate the flow of information
• Client/server


  Relationship between two computer programs in which one program, the client, makes a service request from another program, the server, which fulfils the request
• Peer-to-peer (P2P) network


  Created when two or more PCs are connected and share resources without going through a separate server computer
• Advantages of networking


  • Facility of technical support
  • Easy sharing of data
  • Easy sharing of hardware resource
  • Easy sharing software
  • Easy to decentralize data processing
  • Easy to communicate
• Disadvantages of networking


  • Purchasing the network cabling and file servers can be expensive
  • Managing a large network is complicated, requires training and a network manager usually needs to be employed
  • If the file server breaks down the files on the file server become inaccessible
  • Viruses can spread to other computers throughout a computer network
  • There is a danger of hacking, particularly with wide area networks
• Network devices


  Hardware devices that are used to connect computers, printers, fax machines and other electronic devices to a network
• WAN


  Wide Area Network that covers a wide area such as a city
• LAN


  Local Area Network that covers a small area such as a small office or home
• Internet


  A computer network system that connects the computers of the world, normally connecting through WAN and LAN
• Intranet


  A close room computer network system, as it covers a small area and only authorized people can access it
• Extranet


  A sort of Internet access to which is granted only to a few
• World Wide Web (WWW)


  The service that is used on Internet to view and search contents (in the form of web-pages)
• Instant messaging (IM)


  An online facility that facilitates us to chat or talk
• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)


  A Protocol, which is used especially for voice transfer over IP network
• Really Simple Syndication (RSS)


  A technique, which is used for the dissemination of information, articles, etc.
• Web log


  A sort of online inventory (normally on a specialized topics) that consists of a series of entries
• Podcast


  A digital file that normally contains audio or video record and is available on the Internet
• Social networking websites


  Websites that facilitate users with a common platform where they can share their message (in text, audio, or even video form), images, videos, etc.
• Chat Rooms


  A dedicated area on the Internet that facilitates users to communicate
• Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

  The technical expression for public telephone system
• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)


  A set of communication standards that transmits voice, video, data, and other network services simultaneously
• Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)


  A sort of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology that facilitates faster data transmission
• Download


  The process that saves data from Internet onto a personal computer
• Upload


  The process that transfers the saved data from a personal computer to Internet server
• Dial-up

  A technique in which a phone line is used in order to connect to the Internet
• Broadband


  A wide bandwidth data transmission that transports multiple signals and traffic types swiftly
• Internet


  A global network of computing resources
• Internet-based services


  • Email
  • Telnet
  • FTP
  • UseNet news
  • World Wide Web (WWW)
  • HTTP
  • URL
  • Website
  • Web Server
  • Web Browser
  • SMTP
  • ISP
  • HTML
  • Hyperlink
  • DNS
• W3C


  World Wide Web Consortium, an international consortium of companies involved with the Internet and the Web
• World Wide Web


  • Your personal computer
  • A Web browser
  • An internet connection
  • A Web server
  • Routers & Switches
• World Wide Web (WWW)


  All the resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• The W3C is the chief standards body for HTTP and HTML
• Components of the Web

  • Your personal computer
  • A Web browser
  • An internet connection
  • A Web server
  • Routers & Switches
• Client-server system


  Your computer is the client and the remote computers that store electronic files are the servers
• The World Wide Web is the universe of network-accessible information, an embodiment of human knowledge
• Internet and Web


  Web uses internet to pass over the information
• World Wide Web was created by Timothy Berners Lee at CERN in Geneva


  1989
• The future of the web is almost unpredictable due to rapid development in various fields
• Technical issues W3 consortium has to cope with

  • Work on higher quality presentation of 3-D information
  • Enhance the web to full fill requirements of global communities which would include all regional languages and writing systems
  • Work on privacy and security including hiding information, accounting, access control, integrity and risk management
  • Develop better protocols to handle the huge growth in the field of web