Evolution

• Biodiversity


  Many different types of living things on earth
• Evidence from fossils tell us that some types of living things have been wiped out (extinct) and some new species do not have old fossil remains
• Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace


  Came up with the theory of evolution by natural selection
• Species


  A group of organisms that can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring
• Mutation


  Changes in genes that occur during reproduction which gives rise to variation in characteristics
• Theory of Evolution


  1. Observations

  2. Conclusions

  
• Evolution by Natural selection has given rise to all the different types of things living on earth
• This happens when a single species evolves to form two or more different species
• Darwin's finches evolution


  1. Original finches got to the islands from the mainland of South America

  2. On islands with hard seeds, birds with short strong beaks were better suited

  3. On islands with many insects, birds with sharper and more slender beaks were better suited

  4. On an island with many cactus plants, birds with long pointed beaks were better suited to getting cactus seeds

  5. Birds with the best suited beaks got more food and survived, other birds died out

  6. Survivors reproduced and passed on their beak shape

  7. New beak shapes arose when genes became altered or mutated

  
• Giant tortrices


  • Tortrices with higher neck collars are evolving and surviving as they can reach to higher plants for feeding
• Evolution of man