ANAT LAB - EXTERNAL ANATOMY

• Valuable to identify their physical characteristics like gender, facial features of a breed (dogs),mammary glands, teats or udder (dogs and ruminants)
• Aide in knowing the purpose of the animal based on the breed characteristics
• Assessing animal well-being
• It is essential for understanding and correcting, any problems that may arise
• Assess the productivity of the animal
• Cephalic Index


  A scale for comparing the width of a dog's head relative to its length
• To calculate the cephalic index

  Measure the skull width from one zygomatic arch to the other, then multiply that by 100 and divide the result by the maximum length of the skull (nose to the occipital protuberance)
• Dolichocephalic


  Dogs with a low cephalic index (smaller values) have long faces
• Brachycephalic


  Dogs with a high cephalic index (larger values) have flat faces
• Dolichocephalic (long-headed) dog breeds

  • Afghan Hound
  • Airedale Terrier
  • Basset Hound
  • Bedlington Terrier
  • Bloodhound
  • Borzoi
  • Bull Terrier
  • Cesky Terrier
  • Dachshund
  • Doberman Pinscher
  • English Bull Terrier
  • German Shepherd
  • Great Dane
  • Greyhound
  • Ibizan Hound
  • Irish Wolfhound
  • Italian Greyhound
  • Manchester Terrier
  • Miniature Bull Terrier
  • Pharaoh Hound
  • Poodle
  • Rough Collie
• Mesocephalic (medium-headed) dog breeds

  • Alaskan Malamute
  • American Cocker Spaniel
  • Australian Cattle Dog
  • Australian Shepherd
  • Basenji
  • Beagle
  • Bearded Collie
  • Beauceron
  • Belgian Malinois
  • Belgian Sheepdog
  • Bernese Mountain Dog
  • Bichon Frisé
  • Black and Tan Coonhound
  • Border Collie
  • Border Terrier
  • Brittany Spaniel
  • Cairn Terrier
  • Cardigan Welsh Corgi
  • Chesapeake Bay Retriever
  • Chinese Crested
  • Clumber Spaniel
  • Dalmatian
  • English Cocker Spaniel
  • English Foxhound
  • English Springer Spaniel
  • Field Spaniel
  • German Shorthaired Pointer
  • Golden Retriever
  • Irish Setter
  • Japanese Spitz
  • Keeshond
  • Komondor
  • Kuvasz
  • Labrador Retriever
  • Maltese
  • Miniature Pinscher
  • Norfolk Terrier
  • Norwich Terrier
  • Papillon
  • Pembroke Welsh Corgi
  • Pomeranian
  • Rottweiler
  • Saint Bernard
  • Samoyed
  • Siberian Husky
  • Vizsla
  • Weimaraner
  • West Highland White Terrier
  • Yorkshire Terrier
• Brachycephalic (short-headed) dog breeds

  • Affenpinscher
  • American Pit Bull Terrier
  • American Staffordshire Terrier
  • Boston Terrier
  • Boxer
  • Brussels Griffon
  • Bulldog
  • Bullmastiff
  • Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
  • Chow Chow
  • Dogo Argentino
  • Dogue de Bordeaux
  • English Mastiff
  • French Bulldog
  • Japanese Chin
  • King Charles Spaniel (or English Toy Spaniel)
  • Lhasa Apso
  • Neapolitan Mastiff
  • Newfoundland
  • Pekingese
  • Pug
  • Shar-Pei
  • Silky Terrier
  • Tibetan Spaniel
  • Yorkshire Terrier
• Forehead


  The area just above the eyes and before the stop
• Stop


  The indentation in a dog's forehead just above eye level & varies in depth by breed
• Muzzle


  The area from just past the stop to the nose & varies in length based on breed
• Nose


  On the front of the face, the nose in most breeds is black (sometimes multi-colored or flesh colored) and usually kept moist
• Mouth


  Located below the nose, the mouth comes in a variety of shapes & sizes
• Flew


  The upper lips, especially if they are long & thick (think St. Bernard)
• Throat


  Located just past the bottom jaw, where the neck meets the head
• Shoulder


  The muscular upper section of the upper arm
• Point of Shoulder


  The front of the joint where the upper arm and shoulderblade meet
• Brisket


  The front part of the body between the forelegs & below the chest
• Forearm


  The top area of the upper leg
• Wrist


  Or the carpus connects the lower leg to the paw
• Paws


  Includes the toes, feet & pads at the end of all four legs of the dog
• Pastern


  The area of the foreleg between the wrist and the foot
• Elbow


  The joint that connects the upper arm and the forearm
• Belly


  Under section of the abdomen
• Stifle


  Similar to our knee, the stifle is the joint that connects the lower thigh to the upper thigh
• Thigh


  Area of the hindquarters between the hip and the stifle
• Hock


  The joint that connects the lower thigh to the lower leg
• Rump


  Back of the upper thigh
• Tail


  Come in a variety of shapes, sizes and positions
• Croup


  Area of the back from the root of the tail to the front of the pelvis
• Loin


  Area on both sides of the vertebrae between the last few ribs and the hindquarters
• Back


  The area from the withers to the root of the tail
• Withers


  The top of the shoulder blades and the highest point of the body, located just behind the neck
• Ruff


  Thick, dense hair around the top of the neck
• Crest


  The upper, arched area of the neck (some breeds grow thicker hair on their ruff)
• Ear


  Usually located on or near the top of the head, ears vary in size, placement & shape based on breed