drug act

• HIV


  A single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus that belongs to a family of viruses (retroviruses)
• HIV


  Considered an obligate intracellular parasite that infects CD4 cell commonly known as T helper cell
• HIV can't survive when outside host cell
• HIV

  • gp120 and gp41 are glycoprotein on the surface of the viral wall & are responsible for point attachment to target cells
• Once virus infects an individual, it will undergo a period of latency (could be undectable by screening methods for 6 months or several years)
• Enzymes that infect healthy cells of the body

  • Reverse transcriptase, used for the virus transcription of RNA to DNA inside the cell
  • Integrase, utilizes to penetrate the target cells in the body
  • Protease, responsible for the maturation of the virus inside the target cells
• Transmission of HIV

  • High viral load in semen, vaginal fluid, blood, & breast milk
  • Low viral load in tears, sweat, feces, urine
• Infection occurs when viral load is high
• Common transmission of HIV

  • Sexual contact
  • Sharing of needles
  • Blood transfusion of infected blood
  • Accidental skin puncture
• Ways HIV is NOT transmitted

  • Hugging and message
  • Masturbation
  • Dry kissing
  • Daily living with person with HIV ( no intimate contact)
• Stages of AIDS


  • Early stage
  • Latency stage
  • Progression to AIDS
• Early stage


  • Runs within 2-4 weeks after initial infection
  • Some patients could present "worst flu ever", also known as the acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) with symptoms: high fever, Lymphadenopathy syndrome (swollen glands), Rash, Fatigue, Headache
• Latency stage


  • Virus replication in the host's body slowly
  • Virus is detected through serologic testing
  • Patient may experience varied symptoms
• Progression to AIDS


  • HIV infected person without medication will progress to having AIDS
  • AIDS is the final stage, characterized by the person's weakening of immune response die to the decrease of CD4 cells
• Symptoms of AIDS


  • Rapid weight loss
  • Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
  • Extreme and unexplained tiredness
  • Diarrhea lasting for a month
  • Pneumonia
  • Memory loss, depression, & other neurologic disorders
  • Sores in the mouth, anus, or genitals
• The symptoms are accompanied by opportunistic diseases most commonly affecting the respiratory tract
• Executive Order No. 39, s. 1992 was signed, creating the Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC)


  December 3, 1992
• PNAC


  • National policy and advisory body in the prevention and control of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection and AIDS in the Philippines
• PNAC Key Functions


  • Secure recommendations from concerned government agencies on how their respective agencies could operationalize specific provisions of this Act
  • Institute nationwide HIV and AIDS information and education program
  • Establish a comprehensive HIV and AIDS monitoring system
  • Provide accessible and affordable HIV testing and counselling services
  • Provide acceptable health and support services for person with HIV and AIDS in hospitals and in communities
  • Protect and promote the rights of individuals with HIV
  • Ensure strict observance of medical confidentiality
• PNAC Key Functions


  • Monitor the implementation of the rules and regulations
  • Develop a comprehensive long-term national HIV and AIDS prevention and control program and monitor its implementation
  • Coordinate the activities of and strengthen working relationships between government and non-governmental agencies
  • Coordinate and cooperate with foreign and international organizations
  • Evaluate the adequacy of and make recommendations regarding the utilization of national resources for the prevention and control of HIV and AIDS
• Functions of the PNAC Secretariat

  • Assist in ensuring that activities related to HIV/AIDS are implemented, coordinated, and harmonized
  • Provide technical support to the Council and its partners
  • Assist the Council in monitoring and evaluating the national response
  • Assist the Council in identifying and mobilizing resources in support of the implementation of AIDS response
  • Provide administrative support to the Council
• Government agencies PNAC collaborates with

  • Department of Foreign Affairs
  • Department of Interior and Local Government
  • Department of Justice
  • Department of Tourism
  • Department of Social Welfare and development
  • Philippine Information agency
  • Senate Committee on Health
  • Congress Committee on Health
  • Department of Labor and Employment
  • Department of Budget and Management
  • Department of Education
  • Department of Health
• Role of Educational institutions & Other Agencies in AIDS Awareness


  • Focused on educational counselling and health informative advisory
  • Incorporation in academic subjects
  • Health informative advisory seminars
• Clinical ethics on HIV

  • Confidentiality of results
  • Informed consent for HIV testing
  • Pre-natal HIV testing
• Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998

  RA 8504 S 1998
• Policies of the Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998


  • Promote public awareness about the causes, modes of transmission, consequences, means of prevention and control of HIV/AIDS
  • Extend to every person suspected or known to be infected with HIV/AIDS full protection of his/her human rights and civil liberties
  • Promote utmost safety and universal precautions in practices and procedures that carry the risk of HIV transmission
  • Positively address and seek to eradicate conditions that aggravate the spread of HIV infection
  • Recognize the potential role of affected individuals in propagating vital information and educational messages about HIV/AIDS
• Definitions in the Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998

  • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
  • Anonymous Testing
  • Compulsory HIV Testing
  • Contact tracing
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • HIV/AIDS Monitoring
  • HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control
  • HIV-positive
  • HIV-negative
  • HIV Testing
  • HIV Transmission
  • High-Risk Behavior
  • Informed Consent
  • Medical Confidentiality
  • Person with HIV
  • Pre-Test Counselling
  • Post-Test Counselling
  • Prophylactic
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Voluntary HIV Testing
  • Window Period
• The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and the Technical Education and skills Development Authority (TESDA) shall integrate instruction on the causes, modes of transmission and ways of preventing HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases in subjects taught in public and private schools
• Flexibility in the formulation and adoption of appropriate course content, scope, and methodology in each educational level or group shall be allowed after consultations with Parent-Teachers-Community Associations, Private School Associations, school administrators and other concerned groups
• Integration of HIV/AIDS education in public and private schools

  1. Instruction on causes, modes of transmission and ways of preventing HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases

  2. Integration in subjects taught at intermediate grades, secondary and tertiary levels, including non-formal and indigenous learning systems

  3. If integration is not appropriate or feasible, design special modules on HIV/AIDS prevention and control

  4. Not used as an excuse to propagate birth control or the sale or distribution of birth control devices

  5. Does not utilize sexually explicit materials
• Formulation and adoption of appropriate course content, scope, and methodology in each educational level or group


  1. Allow flexibility after consultations with Parent-Teachers-Community Associations, Private School Associations, school officials, and other interest groups

  2. No instruction shall be offered to minors without adequate prior consultation with parents who must agree to the thrust and content of the instruction materials
• Training of teachers and instructors of HIV/AIDS courses

  Required to undergo a seminar or training on HIV/AIDS prevention and control supervised by DECS, CHED and TESDA, in coordination with the Department of Health (DOH), before they are allowed to teach on the subject
• HIV/AIDS information shall form part of the delivery of health services by health practitioners, workers and personnel
• Knowledge and capabilities of all public health workers shall be enhanced to include skills for proper information dissemination and education on HIV/AIDS
• It shall be considered a civic duty of health providers in the private sector to make available to the public such information necessary to control the spread of HIV/AIDS and to correct common misconceptions about this disease
• The training of health workers shall include discussions on HIV-related ethical issues such as confidentiality, informed consent and the duty to provide treatment
• Provision of standardized basic information and instruction on HIV/AIDS to all government and private employees, workers, managers, and supervisors, including members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the Philippine National Police (PNP)


  1. Topics to include confidentiality in the workplace and attitude towards infected employees and workers

  2. Overseen by the Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) for private companies, and the Armed Forces Chief of Staff and the Director General of the PNP for the AFP and PNP
• Provision of seminar on the cause, prevention and consequences of HIV/AIDS to overseas Filipino workers and diplomatic, military, trade, and labor officials and personnel before certification for overseas assignment

  Overseen by the Department of Labor and Employment or the Department of Foreign Affairs, the Department of Tourism and the Department of Justice through the Bureau of Immigration, in collaboration with the Department of Health (DOH)
• Conduct of educational and information campaign on HIV/AIDS by local government units, in collaboration with the Department of Health (DOH)


  Coordinated by the provincial governor, city or municipal mayor and the barangay captain among concerned government agencies, non-government organizations and church-based groups
• Appropriate information shall be attached to or provided with every prophylactic offered for sale or given as a donation