b1,2,3

• animal and plant cells are eukaryotic and contain dna which is in the nucleus
• animal cells contain cell membrane nucleus mitochondria ribosomes cytoplasm
• plant cells contain cell membrane nucleus mitochondria ribosomes cytoplasm permanent vacuoles chloroplasts and cell wall
• Cell Membrane


  controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
• Nucleus


  where DNA is stored.
• Animal Cell


  A eukaryotic cell with a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes
• Mitochondria


  where energy is released through respiration
• Ribosomes


  site of protein synthesis
• Cell Wall


  A rigid outer layer that provides structural support and protection.
• Chloroplasts


  contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis
• Vacuoles

  contains cell sap
• this is an animal cell

  
• this is a plant cell

  
• prokaryotic cells are smaller then eukaryotic cells
• prokaryotic cells are single celled, have small rings of dna called plasmids and no nucleus
• prokaryotic cells have cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, flagellum ,bacterial dna, plasmid dna
• the formula to calculate magnification is image size/actual size=magnification
• a light microscope uses visible light to form images
• light microscopes allow living samples to be viewed
• light microscopes are cheap
• light microscopes have low magnification and low resolution
• electron microscopes uses electrons to form images
• electron microscopes cant have living samples
• electron microscopes are expensive
• electron microscopes have high magnification and high resolution
• electron microscopes allow you to see sub cellular structures like ribosomes
• Specialised cells


  Cells in animals and plants that differentiate to form different types of cells
• Specialised cells


  • Sperm cell
  • Red blood cell
  • Muscle cell
  • Nerve cell
  • root hair cell
  • palisade cell
• Sperm cellfunctions


  Fertilise an ovum (egg)
• Sperm cell adaptions


  • Tail to swim to the ovum and fertilise it
• Red blood cellfunctions


  Transport oxygen around the body
• Red blood celladaptions


  • No nucleus so more room to carry oxygen
• Muscle cell functions


  Contract and relax to allow movement
• Muscle celladaptions


  • Contains protein fibres, which can contract to make the cells shorter
• Nerve cell functions


  Carry electrical impulses around the body
• Nerve cell adaptions


  • Branched endings, called dendrites
• root hair cell

  • absorb minerals ions and water from the soil
  • long projection speeds up the absorption of water and mineral ions
• diffusion


  spreading out particles from high concentration to low concentration
• osmosis


  diffusion of water through partially permeable membrane
• active transport


  the movement of particles from a dilute solution to concentrated solution