BIOLOGY PAPER 2

• ADRENALINE - A HORMONE PRODUCED NY THE ADRENAL GLANDS IN RESPONSE TO FEAR OR STRESS, WHICH INCREASES THE HEART RATE AND BOOSTS THE DELIVERY OF BLOOD TO THE BRAIN AND MUSCLES
• COORDINATION CEENTRES - AREAS OF THE BODY LIKE THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD OR PANCREAS WHAT RECIEVES AND PROCESSES INFORMATION FROM RECEPTORS
• EFFECTORS - MUSCLES OR GLANDS WHICH BRING ABOUT RESPONSES WHICH RESTORE OPTIMUM LEVELS
• FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE ( FSH ) - A FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE CAUSING THE MUTURATION OF AN EGG IN THE OVARY
• GLAND - A GROUP OF CELLS THAT SECRETE CHEMICALS CALLED HORMONES DIRECTLY INTO THE BLOODSTREAM
• GLUCAGON - A HORMONE PRODUCED BY THE PANCREAS THAT CAUSES GLYCOGEN TO BE CONVERTED TO GLUCOSE AND RELEASED INTO THE BLOOD
• GLYCOGEN - A SUBSTANCE DEPOSITED IN BODILY TISSUES AS A STORE OF CARBOHYDRATES
• HOMEOSTASIS - THE REGULATION OF INTERNAL CONDITIONS OF A CELL/ORGANISM TO MAINTAIN OPTIMUM CONDIITIONS FOR RESPONSE TO INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL CHANGES
• IN VITRO FERTILISATION ( IVF ) - FERTILISING A WOMANS EGG USING SPERM OUTSIDE OF THE BODY
• INSULIN - A HORMONE PRODUCED BY THE PANCREAS THAT LOWERS LEVELS OF GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD
• LUTENINISINH HORMONE ( LH ) - A FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE THAT STIMULATES THE RELEASE OF THE EGG
• OESTROGEN - THE MAIN FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE WHICH CAUSES THE UTERUS LINING TO GROW AND REPAIR
• RECEPTORS - ORGANS OR CELLS THAT DETECT A STIMULI
• REFLEX ACTION - A RAPID AND AUTOMATIC RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
• STIMULI - CHAANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
• TESTOSTERONE - THE MAIN MALE REPRODUCTVE HORMONE PRODUCED BY THE TESTES, WHICH STIMULATES SPERM PRODUCTION
• TYPE 1 DIABETES - A DISORDER IN WHICH THE PANCREAS FAIRS TO PRODUCE ENOUGH INSULIN TO HELP WITH THE HIGH GLUCOSE LEVELS
• TYOE 2 DIABETES - A DISORDER WHERE THE BODY NO LONGER RESPONDS TO INSULIN PRODUCED BY THE PANCREAS
• ASEXUAL REPRODUCCTIN - A FORM OF REPRODUCTION INVOLVING A SINGLE PARENT - CREATES GENETICALLY IDENTICAL OFFSPRING
• CHROMOSOMES - A LONG MOLECULES OF DNA THAT CARRIES GENTIC INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF GENES
• CYSTIC FOBROSIS - A CELLULAR MEMBRANE DISORDER RESULTING IN THE PRESENCE OF A RECESSIVE ALLELE
• DNA - A DOUBLE STRAMD POLYMER FORMING A DOUBLE HELIX - CARRIES GENTIC MATERIAL AND INFORMATION
• DOMIANT ALLELES ARE REPRESENTED BY A CAPITAL LETTER
• EMBRYO SCREENING - A PROCEDURE USED TO DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OF FAULTY GENES IN A EMBRYO PRODUCED BY IVF . A FEW EMBRYONIC CELLS ARE REMOVED AND SCREENED FOR DEFECTIVE ALLELES
• FERTILISATION - THE FUSION OF THE NUCLEAS OF MALE AND FEMALE GAMETES - RESTORES THE FULL CHROMOSOME NUMBER
• EVOLUTION - THE GRADUAL CHANGE IN INHERETED TRAITS WHITHIN A POPULATION OVER TIME - OCCURS DUE TO NATURAL SELECTION
• GAMETES - SEX CELLS WITH HALF THE USUAL NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES
• GENE - A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
• GENOME - THE COMPLETE GENETIC MATERIAL OF AN ORGANISM
• GENOTYPE - AN ORGANISMS GENETIC COMPOSITION, ALL THE ALLELS
• HETEROZYGOUS - WHEN SOMEONE HAS TWO DIFFERENT ALLELES OF A GENE
• HOMOZYGOUS - WHEN SOMEONE HAS TWO IDENTICAL ALLELS
• LINNAEAN SYSTEM - DEVELOPED BY CARL LINNAEUS, THE CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS KPCOFGS
• MEIOSIS - A FORM OF CELL DIVIDION THAT PRODUCES GAMETES, NON IDENTICAL CELLS WITH HALF THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES, SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• MITOSIS - A FORM OF CELL DIVISION THAT PRODUCES TWO GENETICALLY IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS, ONE PARENT CELL THAT HAS A FULL SET OF CHROMOSOMES, ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• MUTATION - A RANDOM CHANGE IN DNA WHICH MAY RESULT IN GENETIC VARIANTS
• PHENOTYPE - AN ORGANISMS CHARATERISTICS, DUE TO THE INTERACTION OF THE GENEOTYPE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
• PLYDACTYLY - A CONDITION WHERE AN INDIVIDUAL IS BORN WITH EXTRA FINGERS DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF A DOMINANT ALLELE
• PUNNETT SQUARE 0 A GRID USED TO PREDICT THE POTENTIAL OUTCOMES OF GENTIC CROSS
• RECESSIVE - AN ALLEL EXPRESSED BY THE ABSENCE OF A DOMINANT ALLELE , REPRESENTED BY A SMALLER LETTER