lesson 2

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Cards (20)

Phonology
Deals with how speech sounds are organized into systems for each individual language
Phonetics 
Deals with speech sounds themselves, how they are made (articulatory phonetics), how they are perceived (auditory phonetics), and the physics involved (acoustic phonetics)
Phonetics and phonology are related fields
Tlectualization
Tlaxcala /tlɑːsˈkɑːlə/
Tlapanec /ˈtlæpənɛk/
Tlingit /ˈklɪŋkɪt/
Phonology 
The abstract system organizing the surface sounds and gestures
Phonetics 
The surface manifestation of spoken language
Grammar 
Rules of a language governing the sounds, words, sentences, and other elements, as well as their combination and interpretation
Generative grammar 
Used to describe linguistic theories or models which are based on the idea that a single set of rules can explain how all the possible sentences of a language are formed
Competence 
The idealized unconscious knowledge a speaker has of the organization of his or her language
Performance 
The actual use of language
Bottom-up approach to linguistic analysis
Object of Study
Name of Field
Size of Unit
Language use
Pragmatics
Meaning
Semantics
Syntax
Morphology
Phonology
Phonetics
English phonology and morphology
Major aspects of speech production
Airstream mechanism
Vocal cords
Velum
Oral tract
Manner of articulation
Place of Articulation
Airstream mechanism 
Where the air used in speech starts from, and which direction it is travelling to
Vocal cords 
Whether or not the vocal cords are vibrating, which determines voicing
Velum 
Whether it is raised or lowered, which determines whether a sound is oral or nasal
Place and manner of articulation 
The horizontal and vertical positions of the tongue and lips
Types of airstream mechanism
Pulmonic egressive
Pulmonic ingressive
Velaric egressive
Velaric ingressive
Glottalic egressive
Glottalic ingressive
Manners of articulation
Sagittal section