photosynthesis 2

• carotenoids

  absorb blue light
• xanthophylls

  absorb green and blue light
• diagram of chloroplast 


  D= lamella

  E= Stroma

  G= Thylakoid

  F= Outer membrane

  
• ribosomes 


  protein synthesis
• Stroma

  • light independent stage
  • gel-like substance
  • provides nutrients
• outer membrane 


  support and stability
• inner membrane 


  diffusion
• DNA 


  genetic information
• thylakoid

  • light dependent stage
  • contains photosystems
• granum


  made up of thylakoid stacks
• lamella 


  increase efficiency of photosynthesis, keep geranium at distance
• equation for photosynthesis 


  $6C02 +$$6H20 - C6H1206 +$$602$
• where is chlorophyll located

  thylakoid
• what do pigments absorb

  wavelength
• types of chlorophyll 


  chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b
• chlorophyll a 


  located in reaction centre
• chlorophyll b 


  located in membrane of thylakoid to form light harvesting systems, to absorb wavelength, and transfer this energy to the reaction centre
• 2 stages of photosynthesis

  light dependent stage and light independent stage
• light dependent stage

  • involves photosystem II & I
  • cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation
• light independent stage 


  Calvin cycle
• photosystem II


  water absorbed by the roots into the photosystem II. light from the sun hits the PSI II and used to break down the water into 1/2 02 and 2 hydrogen ions.
• photosystem I 


  the 2 electrons are transferred to electron carriers and go through the electron transport chain to photosystem I. (they lose energy and release ATP on route). PSI absorbs energy from the sun and electrons get excited