lesson 3

• Articulatory Phonetics


  The study of the physical and physiological aspects of speech production
• Major aspects of speech production

  • Airstream mechanism
  • State of the vocal cords
  • State of the velum
  • Place and manner of articulation
• Airstream mechanism


  • Where the air used in speech starts from, and which direction it is travelling to
• Types of airstream mechanism

  • Pulmonic egressive
  • Pulmonic ingressive
  • Velaric egressive
  • Velaric ingressive
  • Glottalic egressive
  • Glottalic ingressive
• Vocal cords


  • Open glottis
  • Narrowed vocal cords
  • Closed glottis
  • Creaky voice aperture
• Vocal tract and articulatory organs

  • Sagittal section
• Basic characteristics of language

  • Arbitrary
  • Social
  • Symbolic
  • Systematic
  • Vocal
  • Non-instinctive and Conventional
  • Dynamic