lesson 4

• Sonority


  Amount of acoustic energy a speech sound has; the relative loudness of a speech sound
• Speech Sound production


  1. Respiration

  2. Phonation

  3. Articulation
• Articulation


  The configuration and interaction of the articulators when making a speech sound
• Syllable


  A peak of sonority that is surrounded by less sonorous sounds
• Vowels


  • [ɑ]
  • [æ]
  • [ɪ]
• Consonants


  • [b]
  • [l]
  • [b]
  • [s]
  • [k]
  • [t]
• 1. point method of describing speech sound articulation

  • Airstream mechanism
  • State of the vocal cord
  • Position of the velum
  • Place of articulation
  • Manner of articulation
• Consonant


  Sounds produced with some restriction or closure in the vocal tract
• Place of articulation


  The point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active, moving articulator and a passive articulator
• Bilabials


  • [p]
  • [b]
  • [m]
• Labiodentals


  • [f]
  • [v]
• Interdentals


  • [θ]
  • [ð]
• Palatals


  • [ʃ]
  • [ʧ]
  • [ʒ]
  • [ʤ]
• Velars


  • [k]
  • [g]
  • [ŋ]
• Uvulars


  • [ʀ]
  • [q]
  • [ɢ]
• Glottals


  • [h]
  • [Ɂ]
• Oral sounds


  Produced with the velum raised to prevent air from escaping out the nose
• Nasal sounds


  Produced with the velum lowered to allow air to escape out the nose
• Consonant: [p]


  • Pulmonic egressive, voiceless, oral, bilabial sound
• Consonant: [n]


  • Pulmonic egressive, voiced, nasal, alveolar sound
• Manner of articulation


  The configuration and interaction of the articulators when making a speech sound
• Affricates


  • [ʧ]
  • [ʤ]
• Approximants


  • [w]
  • [j]
  • [r]
  • [l]
• Trills and flaps


  • Trills are produced by rapidly vibrating an articulator
  • Flaps are produced by a flick of the tongue against the alveolar ridge
• Clicks


  Produced by moving air in the mouth between various articulators