lesson 5

• Sonority


  Amount of acoustic energy a sound has; the relative loudness of a speech sound
• Speech Sound production


  1. Respiration

  2. Phonation

  3. Articulation
• Articulation


  One of the three stages of speech sound production
• Speech Sound production


  • Sonority
  • Sound Categories
  • Vowels
  • Consonants
  • Glides
  • Semivowels and Semiconsonants
• 1. point method of describing speech sound articulation

  • Airstream mechanism
  • State of the vocal cord
  • Position of the velum
  • Place of articulation
  • Manner of articulation
• Consonant categories


  • State of the vocal cord
  • Place of articulation
  • Manner of articulation
• Vowel categories


  • Tongue height
  • Tongue backness
  • Lip rounding
• Vowel


  A speech sound which is produced by comparatively open configuration of the vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction; a unit of the sound system of a language that forms the nucleus of a syllable
• High vowels


  • [i] [ɪ] [u] [ʊ]
• Mid vowels


  • [e] [ɛ] [o] [ə] [ʌ] [ɔ]
• Low vowels


  • [æ] [a]
• Front vowels


  • [i] [ɪ] [e] [ɛ] [æ]
• Central vowels


  • [ə] [ʌ]
• Back vowels


  • [u] [ɔ] [o] [a]
• Round vowels


  Produced by rounding the lips
• English has only back round vowels, but other languages such as French and Swedish have front round vowels
• Major Phonetic Classes of Sounds

  • Noncontinuants
  • Continuants
  • Obstruents
  • Sonorants
  • Consonantal
• Consonantal categories


  • Labials
  • Coronals
  • Anteriors
  • Sibilants
  • Syllabic Sounds