Social studies Last quarter

• The first Filipino against Spain was led by Lakan Dula and his nephew Raha

  Sulayman in 1574.
• The reason for the revolt was the failure of Governor-General Guido de

  Lavezaris to fulfill the promise made by Legazpi to respect their patrimonial

  land and exemption to pay the tribute.
• Andres Malong of Pangasinan led a revolt that attacked the rich towns of

  Bacnotan and Lingayen in 1661.
• Malong killed the alcalde mayor and proclaimed himself as king of Pangasinan.

  However, Malong was captured by the Spanish forces.

  Pedro Almazan also led a revolt and proclaimed himself as king of Ilocos. Both

  of these revolts failed.
• The revolt of Francisco Dagohoy is considered as the longest rebellion

  which took place from 1774- 1829.
• Dagohoy was angered Ewhen Fr. Gaspar Morales, a Jesuit priest, refused

  to bless his dead brother who died in a duel.
• About 3000 Boholanos joined the revolt not because they sympathized

  with Dagohoy but because they had suppressed anger against the

  Spaniards.
• In 1621, Tamblot, a babaylan, led the Boholanos in a revolt to bring back

  their old religion.
• Bankaw also led a revolt for the same reason.
• The Filipinos endured too many sufferings and hardship

  because of the colonial policies that were imposed by the

  Spaniards. Because of these, various revolts were held in

  different parts of the country.
• Magalat led a revolt in Cagayan in 1596 against the forced

  and unjust collection of tributes. The Spaniards hired a

  Filipino to kill Magalat. As a result, the revolt was a

  failure.
• In Visayas, Don Juan Ponce Caamug, and Agustin Sumuroy of Samar resisted

  the order of Governor-General Diego Fajardo to send polistas or force laborers

  to build ships in Cavite.
• Sumuroy was beheaded by his own men and his head was turned over to Don

  Genis de Rojas.
• In 1719, Caragay of Dagupan and in 1762, Juan dela Cruz Palaris in

  Binalatongan, Pangasinan led revolts against the harsh collection of tributes,

  corruptions, and other abuses of the alcalde mayor.
• Diego Silang belonged to the principalia class in Vigan, Ilocos Sur.
• He led a revolt in 1762 against the heavy imposition of tributes, abuses of

  their alcalde mayor, and in the defense of their rights.
• Silang was killed by his best friend, Miguel Vicos.

  His wife, Gabriela Silang, continued his mission. However, after four days,

  she was captured and killed by the Spaniards.
• An agreement was signed between the capitalist and government wherein the capitalist will

  provide the capital while the government will provide the ships, and armed forces to protect

  the voyagers.

  This system is known as mercantilism.
• The primary aim of the government of the European states was to accumulate gold and

  silver. This aim was achieved through the spice trade.
• Which was exercised from the 16th to the 18th century, is an economic system that focuses on the accumulation of gold and

  silver, establishment of empires, and regulation of foreign trade which are all beneficial to the colonizer.
• With the birth of mercantilism, the Europeans believed that there is a striking relationship between accumulation of gold and

  silver with realization of their goals.
• The Age of Enlightenment spread during the 18th century

  to Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and

  other countries in Europe. It promoted truth as primary

  source of power.
• The discoveries in science and mathematics encouraged

  the search for truth.
• The Philippines was colonized and remained under the Spanish rule

  for 333 years.
• The tobacco monopoly was established by

  Governor-General Jose Basco y Vargas on March 1, 1782,

  by virtue of a decree that was promulgated by king

  Charles III on February 9, 1780.
• Under this tobacco monopoly, several places in the

  country were forced to grow tobacco and were given a

  fixed quota on amount of tobacco that should be harvested

  annually.
• The tobacco monopoly brought desirable and undesirable effects.
• The government was able to build roads, bridges, and provide

  electricity to some towns and municipalities.
• One of these effects was the decreased in food production.
• These anomalies eventually reached the king of Spain. The monopoly

  was stopped and was finally abolished in 1884 by Governor-General

  Primo de Rivera.
• Between 1745 and 1746, agrarian revolts arose in the provinces around Manila, Cavite, Laguna, Bulacan,

  Batangas, and Morong Rizal.
• The revolt was led by a native name Francisco Matienza. And the revolt spread to the nearby towns. (Binan,

  Imus, Silang, Kawit, Bocaue, San Mateo, Taguig, Paranaque, and Hagonoy).


  agrarian revolt
• Since childhood, Apolinario de la Cruz, also known as Hermano Pule, dreamt of becoming

  a priest. At age 15, he went to Manila to enter the monastery, But no monastery accepted him

  because he was a native (indios). In 1840, he went back to Lucban and established Cofradia de

  San Jose.
• From 1595 until 1851, more than two centuries, the

  trade between the Philippines and Mexico as well as

  other countries in the East were controlled by the

  Spaniards.

  Galleon trade
• The trade between Manila and Mexico became a monopoly of the government and was known as the galleon

  Trade because of the sea vessel, called Galleons. That brought the goods back to forth from Manila to Mexico.
• In order to participate in Galleon Trade, each person had to buy a ticket called boleta.
• Because of the changes that happened due to trading activities, a middle class arose

  among Filipinos.

  This class was composed of rich Filipino businessmen and owners of the vast tracts of

  lands in the country.

  Because of their wealth and influential status, they were able to send their children to

  study in universities in the Philippines and in other countries.
• Each boleta was equivalent to one space in galleon where one could load all the goods that would bring to

  Mexico,
• Manila became the center of trade.
• These local events had a great impact on the Filipinos.

  These events proved that if only they would unite and cooperate, then nothing would be impossible, no

  dream would remain unfulfilled, and goal and aspiration would be unattainable.