histologyy

• the inner layer, forms the lining of the digestive tract

  endoderm
• the middle layer is called mesoderm
• ectoderm gives rise to skin, hair, nails, teeth, mucous membranes, nervous tissues (brain, spinal cord), sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue).
• flat classification of epithelium

  squamous
• cube like


  cuboidal
• columnar


  tall and thin
• this type of epithelial tissue is a layer of fat, tile-like cells

  simple squamous epithelium
• 1 layer of square shaped cells

  simple cuboidal
• for secretion of mucus and absorption

  simple columnar
• secretes mucus and propel debris out of respiratory tract (cilia)


  pseudo-stratified epithelium
• protects and acts as a barrier - skin, mouth, throat, esophagus

  stratified squamous
• special type of stratified epithelium that changes shape (stretched squamous, not stretched). holds fluids. located in the urinary bladder

  transitional epithelium
• FEW PROTEIN FIBERS, NUMEROUS SPACES

  LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• COLLAGEN FIBERS AND FEW ELASTIC FIBERS

  areolar
• CONSISTS OF ADIPOCYTES (FAT CELLS): CONTAIN

  LARGE AMOUNTS OF LIPID (FOR ENERGY STORAGE); EM: LOOSE

  ARRANGED COLLAGEN AND RETICULAR FIBERS, SCATTERED

  adipose
• FORMS THE FRAMEWORK OF LYMPHATIC TISSUE.

  SPLEEN, LYMPH NODES, BONE MARROW

  DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE – LARGE AMOUNT OF PROTEIN FIBERS


  reticular
• ABUNDANT ELASTIC FIBERS (STRETCH AND RECOIL) IN

  ITS COLLAGEN FIBERS

  elastic
• ▪ COMPOSED OF CHONDROCYTES, IN SPACES CALLED LACUNAE

  ▪ FLEXIBILITY AND STRENGTH

  ▪ PROVIDES SUPPORT

  cartilage
• MOST ABUNDANT, COVERS THE ENDS OF BONES, CAN

  WITHSTAND REPEATED COMPRESSIONS

  hyaline
• MORE COLLAGEN, ABLE TO RESISTS PULLING OR

  TEARING, FOUND IN DISKS BETWEEN VERTEBRAE AND SOME

  JOINTS (KNEE AND JAW)

  fibro
• CONTAINS ELASTIC FIBERS, ABLE TO RECOIL TO ITS

  ORIGINAL, EXTERNAL EAR, EPIGLOTTIS, AUDITORY TUBE

  BONE

  elastic
• ▪ LARGE, LONG, CYLINDRICAL CELLS

  ▪ MULTINUCLEATED

  ▪ ATTACHED TO BONES

  ▪ RESPONSIBLE FOR BODY MOVEMENT


  skeletal (striated voluntary)
• ▪ CYLINDRICAL CELLS

  ▪ BRANCHED AND CONNECTED TO ONE ANOTHER BY

  INTERCALATED DISKS

  ▪ SINGLE NUCLEATED

  ▪ FOUND IN THE HEART

  ▪ PUMPS THE BLOOD

  cardiac (striated involuntary)
• ▪ END TAPERED CELLS

  ▪ SINGLE NUCLEATED

  ▪ FOUND IN HOLLOW ORGANS: STOMACH, INTESTINE; SKIN, EYES

  ▪ REGULATES SIZE OF ORGANS, FORCES FLUID THROUGH TUBES,

  CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT ENTERING THE EYE,

  PRODUCES ‘GOOSE BUMPS’


  smooth (nonstriated involuntary)
• ABILITY OF NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS TO

  COMMUNICATE WITH ONE ANOTHER BY MEANS OF ELECTRIC SIGNALS

  action potential
• ▪ EXTERNAL MEMBRANE

  ▪ CONSISTS OF STRATIFIED, SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM AND DENSE

  CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  cutaneous membrane (skin)
• ▪ CONSISTS OF EPITHELIUM AND LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  ▪ LINE THE DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY, REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS

  ▪ PROTECTION, ABSORPTION, SECRETION

  mucous membrane
• ▪ SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM AND LOOSE CONNECTIVE

  TISSUE

  ▪ LINE THE TRUNK CAVITIES AND COVER THE ORGANS WITHIN IT

  serous membranes
• ▪ FORMED BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  ▪ LINE THE INSIDE OF JOINT CAVITIES

  ▪ SYNOVIAL FLUID – REDUCE FRICTION TO ALLOW SMOOTH

  MOVEMENT WITHIN THE JOINT

  synovial membranes
• CHEMICAL MEDIATORS OF

  INFLAMMATION

  histamine & prostaglandins
• SWELLING NEUTROPHIL – PHAGOCYTIC WBC THAT FIGHTS

  INFECTION

  edema
• MIXTURE OF DEAD NEUTROPHILS, OTHER CELLS, FLUID

  pus
• RESULTS WHEN THE AGENT CAUSING

  INJURY IS NOT REMOVED OR SOMETHING ELSE INTERFERES WITH THE HEALING PROCESS

  chronic inflammation
• tissue of the brain

  nodes of ranvier