Philippine History

• MIGRATION THEORY

  • Henry Otley Beyer (American anthropologist)
  • first migrants were the “Dawnmen” who came by way of land bridges that connected the Philippines and Indonesia
  • did not have any knowledge of agriculture, and lived by hunting and fishing
• Second migrants were dark-skinned pygmies called Aetas or Negritoes

  They used spears and small flint stones weapons
• 3rd wave of migrants were the Indonesians, who came to the islands in boats and were more advanced than the Aetas: 

  
  

     - tools made out of stone           and steel

     - engaged in farming and mining

     - used materials made of brass

     - wore clothing and other body ornaments
• • Malays were believed to have come in boats from Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula 2000 yrs ago 
  • brown-skinned and of medium height, with straight black hair and flat noses
  •  technology was more advanced:

     - pottery

     - weaving

     - jewelry making

     - metal smelting

     - irrigation system in rice planting
• • EVOLUTION theory
  • Felipe Landa Jocano (Filipino anthropologist)
  • Bones -presumed to be a human origin-were found in the Tabon Caves of Palawan and were tested to be  21,000 to 22,000 years old
  • man came earlier to the Philippines than to the Malay Peninsula
• • Stone age inhabitants formed settlements in Sulu, Davao, Zamboanga, Samar, Negros, Batangas, Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan and Cagayan.
• • 3000 B.C.- they were producing adzes, ornaments of seashells, and pottery of various designs
• Precolonial

  • Manila had learned to make and use modern artillery
  • uneven technological development
  • barangay
  • mindanao stone walls
  • warship called caracoa
  • boats, metal, agriculture
• Spanish

  • start of scientific research, schools, hospitals
  • Reduccion: Tax, compulsory labor, compulsory sale of products to the government
  • primary instruction was mainly religious education
  • higher education was limited to the elite
  • medicine and pharmacy remained the most developed science-based professions during the Spanish regime
• American

  • extensive public education system
  • UP was created
  • Bureau of Public Works was created
  • no competent Filipino engineers
  • Industrialization was delayed
• Commonwealth - period of transition to political independence
• Japanese

  • brought educational and scientific activities practically to a halt
  • much of the country was reduced to ruins
  • The government had to contend with economic reconstruction, normalization of operations as well as the task of planning the direction of economic developmen
• Marcos

  • science-based
  • creation of the National Grains Authority
  • instituted the Health Sciences Center
  • creation of the National Committee on Geological Sciences
  • establishment of the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
• Aquino

  • giving S&T a representation in the cabinet
  • came up with the first S&T Master Plan to make the Phils. a newly industrialized country by 2000
  • funding for the S&T sector was tripled
  • encouraged stronger bond between the private and public researchers
• Ramos

  The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines was formulated

  • modernization and update of science classrooms
  • Promotion of Health care services
  • National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in S and T
• Estrada

  • Focused on basic health care, basic nutrition, and useful education
  • launched programs based on cost effective irrigation technologies
  • pushed for the advancement of industries and schools into the Internet age
  • Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
• Arroyo

  • the "golden age" of S & T
  • Numerous laws and projects concerning the environment and science
  • "Filipinnovation" promoted the Philippines to be an innovation hub in Asia
  • Passage of biofuels act
• Benigno Aquino

  • conferment of 4 new National Scientist for their scientific contribution
  • Gavino C. Trono - seaweed species 
  • Angel C. Alcala – coral reefs 
  • Ramon C. Barba -flowering of mango
  • Edgardo D. Gomez - assessment of damage coral reefs
• • Pres. Rodrigo R. Duterte
  • BALIK SCIENTIST LAW or the RA. 11035 
  • RA 11363 or the PHILIPPINE SPACE ACT 
  • KALIWA DAM PROJECT
  • DIWATA 2 ( PHILIPPINE MADE MICROSATELLITE)
  • Jeepney Modernization Program
• Migrants in order: (DAIM)

  1. Dawnmen
  2. Aetas and Negritoes
  3. Indonesians
  4. Malay