UCSP

• Features of Society

  • Omnipresent- Language and Science
  • Omnipotent - Laws
  • Omniscient - Family
• Socialization


  Lifelong process through which people learn the values and norms of a given society
• Not - socializing


  To mix socially with others
• Socialization


  • Complex sets of interactive experiences
  • Adaptive lifelong learning experience due to a constantly changing society
• Enculturation


  Gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or a group, by a group, or a person, another culture, etc.
• Norms


  • Mores
  • Folkways
  • Taboos
  • Laws
• Mores


  Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
• Folkways


  Socially approved behaviors that have no moral underpinning
• Taboos


  Prohibitions against behaviors that are considered extremely offensive and unmentionable in certain cultures
• Laws


  Formal norms that are established and enforced by official institutions
• Bystander effect


  Individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present
• Affinal kinship


  Relationships by marriage, such as in-laws
• Consanguineous kinship


  Relationships by blood, including parents, siblings, and other relatives who share a common ancestor
• Matrilineal system


  Lineage, inheritance, and family ties are traced through the mother's line
• Patrilineal system


  Lineage, inheritance, and family ties are traced through the father's line
• Compadrazgo


  Ritual Kinship in form of Godparenthood
• Exogamy


  The practice of marrying outside one's social group, clan, or tribe
• Endogamy


  The practice of marrying within one's social group, clan, or tribe
• Polygamy


  A form of marriage where an individual has more than one spouse simultaneously
• Nuclear family


  Consists of two parents and their children living together as a single unit
• Extended family


  Includes the nuclear family plus other relatives, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, living together or in close proximity
• Neolocal residence


  A living arrangement where a married couple establishes a new, separate household independent of both sets of parents
• Patrilocal residence


  A living arrangement where a married couple lives with or near the husband's family
• Matrilocal residence


  A living arrangement where a married couple lives with or near the wife's family
• Avuncolocal residence


  A living arrangement where a married couple lives with or near the husband's maternal uncle
• Non-State Institutions


  • Banks
  • Corporations
  • Transnational-Advocacy Groups
• Social Stratification


  The hierarchical arrangement of individuals into divisions of power and wealth within a society
• Social Mobility


  The movement of individuals or groups within the social hierarchy, which can involve changes in social status or class
• Caste system


  A closed system where social status is inherited and rigidly defined, with little or no mobility
• Class system


  Stratification based on economic factors, typically characterized by the division into classes such as lower, middle, and upper classes
• Meritocracy


  A system where social status is achieved based on individual merit, abilities, and efforts
• Closed or Open system

  A closed system restricts social mobility, while an open system allows for greater movement and flexibility within the social hierarchy
• Traditional authority


  Authority derived from long-established customs, practices, and social structures
• Charismatic authority


  Authority based on the personal charm and inspirational qualities of the leader, who inspires devotion and allegiance
• Legal-Rational authority


  Authority derived from legal systems and regulations, often grounded in a constitution or legal framework
• Vertical social mobility


  The movement of individuals or groups up or down the social hierarchy, which can result in a change in social status or class
• Horizontal social mobility


  The movement of individuals or groups within the same social level, typically involving a change in occupation or lifestyle without a significant change in social status