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• Carbonyl Group Test

  - responsible for physical and chemical reaction.

  • 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine Test
  • Positive Test: Yellow/Orange color
• Sodium Bisulfate - Formation of white precipitate
• Aldehydes - Positive Test : Magenta color
• Schiff’s Test - used to check for the presence of aldehyde.
• Fehling’s Test

  • Detection of reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars
  • Positive Test : Red Precipitate
  • Reducing Sugar : Glucose and Lactose (red precipitate)
  • Non-Reducing Sugar : Sucrose and Starch (blue precipitate)
• Ketones

  • Positive Color : Yellow or Orange precipitate
  • Flavors of fruit because of Ketones
• Sodium Nitroprusside Test (red color)

  - medication used to lower blood pressure

  - used to detect the presence of keto acid in blood and urine.
• Iodoform Test

  • Positive Test - Yellow Precipitate with Antiseptic odor
  • Used to check the presence of carbonyl group
• Carbohydrates - Nutrient in our food
• Macronutrients found in

  • certain food and drinks
  • Sugar, starches, and Fiber
  • Fats and Protein.
• Uses of Carbohydrates:

  1. Main sources of energy.
  2. Fuels the brain.
  3. Helps the Heart, Heart Muscle, and Central Nervous system.
  4. Fiber aids in digestion.
  5. Keeps Blood Cholesterol in check.
• Glucose, Lactose, Sucrose, Starch (common carbs)
• Major Function of Sugar and Starches:

  1. Providing energy and regulates the blood glucose (only in sugar)
  2. Gives protein energy
  3. Breaks Down fatty acids
  4. Preventing ketosis in brain
  5. Used as Flavor and Sweetener.
  6. Dietary fiber
• Molisch Test - Formation of Purple Ring
• Benedict’s Test

  - Detecting reducing sugar

  • Positive Test: Blue or Brick Red Precipitate
• Tollen’s Test

  • Positive Result: Silver Mirror
  • Test for aldehyde