week 2

• Elements of communication


  Common components that together help define the communication process
• Better understanding of each element will contribute to an easier development of one's communicative abilities
• Elements of communication


  • People
  • Messages
  • Channels
  • Noise
  • Context
  • Feedback
  • Effect
• People


  • Communicators simultaneously send and receive messages, the role of sender or receiver does not belong exclusively to one person
  • Sender or source: encodes and transmits a message
  • Receiver: decodes and interprets a message
• Messages


  The content of communication or communicative act that is exchanged between source and receiver
• Types of messages


  • Verbal
  • Non-verbal
• Means of communication


  • Words, sounds, smells, gestures, facial expressions, etc.
• Channels


  • The medium through which a message is sent
  • We are multichannel communicators because messages are sent and received through many or multiple channels
• Channels classified by


  • Senses
  • Verbal or non-verbal
  • Means of communication
• Channels


  • Face-to-face interaction
  • Computer-mediated communication
  • Text messaging
  • Mass medium
• Noise


  Anything that interferes with, and distorts or disturbs communication
• Types of noise


  • Internal noise
  • External noise
• Internal noise


  • Physiological
  • Psychological
  • Semantic
• All communications contain noise, noise can't be totally eliminated, but its effects can be reduced
• Context


  • The physical setting, relationships among communicators, time of day/history, and culture that influence the way people respond
• Types of context


  • Physical
  • Social-psychological
  • Temporal
  • Cultural
• Feedback


  The response or information returned to a message source
• Types of feedback


  • Positive feedback
  • Negative feedback
  • Internal feedback
  • External feedback
• Effect


  • The outcome or result of communication encounters, which can be emotional, physical, and cognitive, or any combination
• The effects of communication would influence the communicators and how they continue to communicate