geography

• Dry desert climates receive very little rainfall because they lie far from oceans or mountains that can bring moisture-laden winds.
• Tropical climates have high temperatures throughout the year due to their location near the Equator.
• The main types of climate are tropical, dry desert, temperate, polar, and equatorial.
• The dry climate is caused by the high pressure system over these areas, which prevents moist air from rising to form clouds and precipitation.
• Mediterranean climates are found on the west coasts of continents, where prevailing westerly winds blow over warm ocean currents.
• Deserts are found on all continents except Antarctica.
• There are two main types of deserts - hot and cold.
• Climate is determined by factors such as latitude, altitude, ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, and distance from large bodies of water.
• Monsoon climates occur when seasonal changes cause wind patterns to change direction, bringing wet seasons with heavy rains and dry seasons with low humidity.
• Polar climates are characterized by extremely cold winters and short summers, with snow covering the ground most of the time.
• Latitude determines how much solar radiation reaches an area, with areas closer to the poles receiving less sunlight than those close to the Equator.
• Altitude affects temperature through the greenhouse effect, where higher elevations experience cooler temperatures due to increased air pressure.
• Wetter conditions occur when cold fronts move across the continent, bringing heavy rainfall.
• Polar regions experience long periods of darkness during winter months and short days during summer months.
• Rain shadow effect occurs when mountain ranges block wet weather systems, causing drier conditions downwind.
• Polar regions experience long periods of darkness during winter months.
• Climate zones are determined based on temperature and precipitation patterns.
• Deserts are hot during the day but cool at night due to low humidity levels.
• Equatorial regions have no seasonal variation in daylight hours but do experience wet and dry seasons.
• Hot deserts receive less than 250mm rainfall per year and experience very high daytime temperatures (up to 48°C).
• Tropical rainforests have an average temperature between 20-35 degrees Celsius with little variation throughout the year.
• Humid subtropical climates occur between 20°N and 35°N latitudes and have hot summers with mild winters.
• Cold deserts occur at higher latitudes and altitudes, with low annual rainfall but lower summer temperatures.
• Tropical rainforests have an equatorial location, receive abundant rainfall throughout the year, and experience little variation in temperature due to their proximity to the equator.
• Polar regions are characterized by extremely low temperatures (-67°C) and short summers.
• Rainfall occurs almost every day due to the convergence of trade winds at the Equator.
• The equatorial region receives direct sunlight, leading to warmer temperatures compared to other regions at similar latitudes.
• Savannas are grassland ecosystems that transition into tropical forests during wetter seasons.
• Altitude affects temperature through the greenhouse effect, where higher elevations have lower temperatures due to increased atmospheric pressure.
• Grasslands are characterized by flat terrain, moderate temperatures, and long periods of drought followed by occasional heavy rainfall.
• Most rainforest trees grow upwards rather than outwards to avoid competition for sunlight.
• Tropical rainforest climate has high temperatures throughout the year, abundant precipitation, and dense vegetation growth due to constant moisture.
• Ocean currents can influence climate by transporting heat around the world's oceans.
• Tropical climates are characterized by high temperatures and abundant precipitation throughout the year.
• Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the atmosphere.
• Tropical savannas have distinct dry seasons with low rainfall and hot temperatures.