Stuarts 1.1

• What were the disputes between james and his 1st parliament with regards to disputes over james' divine right - 1604 goodwin case - 1604 union Of Scotland and England - 1606 Bates case - 1610 Great Contract
• Describe the 1604 goodwin case in terms of disputes between james and his 1st parliament (3) - goodwin was elected for mp for buckinghamshire in 1604 - but James and his lawyers argued he was an outlaw who had failed to pay debts - The royal interference shocked parliament - james beleived that because of his divine right he had the responsibility to settle the elction and that a criminal taking a seat in the commons was illegal so dismissed goodwin - parliament voted to reinstate goodwin accusing james of trying to fill parliament with allies - james backed down in April 1604
• Describe the 1604 Union of Scotland and England in terms of disputes between james and his 1st parliament (3) - Scotland and england were separated by laws, political systems and cultures, james believed it was his divine right to unite the kingdoms - He proposed to parliament to unite the kingdoms under 'Britain', but they rejected it as they were afraid it would diminsh thier power - James backed down from the proposal byt symbolised the union in different ways by calling himself the king of great britain and creating the Jack flag which was used on all ships from 1606
• Describe the origins of the 1606 Bates Case in terms of disputes between james and his 1st parliament (3) - in 1604 james reissued the book of rates setting customs taxs on market items, he sold the ability to collect these new customs taxes through contracts worth 120,000 fixed annual sum - As a result the king gained a regular income, however it looked as though james was creating an extra parliamentary taxation system - Resulting in the bates case of 1606
• Describe the 1606 bates case in terms of disputes between james and his 1st parliament (2) - Bates refused to pay the customs tax claiming it had not been legitimised by parliament - The judge ruled in favour of the king having the divine right to regulate trade and off of this james republished the book of rates again in 1608 adding 1000 new items to be taxed
• Describe the 1610 great contract in terms of disputes between james and his 1st parliament (4) - James' first lord treasurer Robert cecil proposed an extensive scheme to solve james financial problems - intneded to clear crown debt with one off tax and secure a 200,000 annual tax - Parliament was concerned that if the monarch didnt need to call parliament for money then he may not call them in the future - losing their ability to leveraqge the monarchs need for money against their rights - Parliamen were also concerned that james would use this money to purely fund his extravagance - hence par...
• Describe the 1614 Addled parliament in terms of disputes between james and his 2nd parliament (2) - James recalled parliament in 1614 with the intention of gaining subsidies - james debt had accumulated to 680,000 by 1614 - Parliament worried about his extravagance was dissolved just a few weeks later without passing any taxes or legislation and remained dissolved until 1621
• What were the disputes between james and his 3rd parliament with regards to disputes over james' divine right (2) - 1621 Monopolies - Commons Protestation of December 1621
• Describe 1621 monopolies in terms of disputes between james and his 3rd parliament (2) - James granted monopolies in return for a fee (he believed this was his divine right) - parliament saw this as a form of corruption as James often gave them to friends or allies - Parliament then went on to impeach some monopolists like Giles Mompesson, creating divisions
• Describe the Commons Protestation of December 1621 in terms of disputes between james and his 3rd parliament (3) - James requested for parliament to pass taxes to support hsi foreign policy of an unspecified european intervention - However parliament were unsure what this would be used for, they wanted it to be used for a pro protestant agenda and requested an explanation - James retaliated to the request angrily stating wars and marriages are unfit things to be handled in parliament, causing tensions to rise and parliament to be dissolved in January 1622
• What were the disputes between james and his 4th parliament with regards to disputes over james' divine right - 1624 Sea war dispute
• Describe the 1624 Sea War dispute in terms of disputes between james and his 4th parliament (2) - By 1624 England was effectively at war with spain and parliament became more eager to cooperate with the king - they wanted him to pursue a sea war with spain to help european protestants fighting catholics - James demanded funds if parliament wanted the war, requesting 780,000 but only getting 300,000 on the conditions that a commissioner was to observe how the taxes were being spent (only to be spent on foreign affairs) - developing mistrust between the two
• Describe the elements that make up james financial problems (3) - Inherited problems - James extravagance - Financial disputes
• Describe James inherited problems in terms of James and his financial problems (3) - Inherited 420,000 debt from Elizabeth, this exceeded the crowns ordinary income - Selling of crown lands - elizabeth sold crown lands to pay off debts meaning james could not rely on crown estates as ordinary income - Inflation meant parliamentary subsidies lost value - came as a result of spanish invasion of south america increasing the amount of gold in circulation
• Provide a statistic that proves james inherited problems with regards to inflation in terms of James and his financial problems - James could only afford to buy 1/5 of what elizabeth could from the same amount of subsidy
• Describe James Extravagance in terms of James and his financial problems (3) - Elizabeth spent 300,000 a year on wardrobe, james spent 522,000 in 1614 alone - James lavished his friends with gifts to form alliances - 80,000 given in gifts in 1610 - James Hay developed the idea of an ante supper, a full show meal prepared before an actual meal, one of these cost james 3000 in 1621
• Describe Financial disputes in terms of James and his financial problems (2) - Book of Rates and Customs farming - James reissued book of rates in 1604 to raise custom tax leasing grants to collect this tax for 120,000 - Parliament criticised this as extra parliamentary causing disputes - The Great contract 1610 - Caused divisions as parliament rejected the proposals due to concerns around extravagance and absolutism, contributed to its dissolution in 1611
• What were the 4 policies to deal with James financial difficulties - Sale of Titles - Cockayne scheme - Monopolies - Cranfields policies
• Describe the sale of titles with regards to the policies to deal with james financial difficulties in terms of James and his financial problems (2) - James sold aristocratic titles collecting 90,000 from this between 1611 and 1614 - This did however devalue peerages and annoyed ancient landowners who were angered about the selling of equivalent titles to their own
• Describe the cockayne scheme with regards to the policies to deal with james financial difficulties in terms of James and his financial problems (2) - William cockayne proposed that more profit would be made if cloth was sold finished rather than unfinished - instead of shipping it to the Dutch to be finished - James granted 40,000 to develop dyeing industry in England, however the scheme failed to achieve anything, with unfinished cloth being exported again by 1615 with the scheme collapsing in 1617
• Describe monopolies with regards to the policies to deal with james financial difficulties in terms of James and his financial problems (3) - James granted monopolies at a high price making those who bought theme huge financial success - However those who received monopolies put their prices up as they controlled the whole market making it very unpopular across the population - The 3rd parliament under james in 1621 disputed the monopolies and james revoked 20 of them
• Describe Cranfields Policies with regards to the policies to deal with james financial difficulties in terms of James and his financial problems (2) - Cranfield attempted to make savings by 'rooting out corruption' abolishing corrupt or unnecessary posts like the removal of the earl of suffolk in 1618 for courrption - However these policies just allowed james to be more extravagant and continued to give money away to scottish allies, hence it made little difference to his accumulating debt
• Describe the elements of James and hsi foreign policy (5) - Peace with Spain - The Spanish Match - 1623 Spanish Trip - England and the Thirty years war - 1625 Mansfield Expedition
• Describe the alteration is foreign policy between James and Parliament - James sought to avoid cross-religious conflict and develop alliances marrying his children to powerful allies - However parliament wanted england to carry on war with spain, with many concerned about the spanish match
• Describe 1604 Peace with spain in terms of James and his foreign policy (3) - 1604 treaty of london secured peace with spain ending the anglo-spanish war with no side giving concessions - This reduced wartime expenses and trade increased with james achieving his rex pacificus aim - However MPs were critical of the leniency towards spain in the treaty, with england appearing to abandon the dutch protestants who continued their war with spain
• Describe the Spanish Match in 1604 with regards to The Spanish Match in terms of James and his foreign policy (2) - James aimed to achieve a marital alliance to bind the spanish and english crowns together, hoping to create greater integration of protestants and catholics in europe - with his heir and son Henry at the time - However spain wanted toleration of catholics in england but would not consider toleration of protestants in Spain, they also demanded offspring be raised as catholics, hence the 1604 deal fell through
• Describe the Spanish Match between 1614-18 with regards to The Spanish Match in terms of James and his foreign policy (3) - After Henrys death in 1612 James restarted negotiations, hopefull of the potential 600,000 dowry - However negotiations developed 2 factions the spanish faction who were motivated by the maintenance of peace with spain and the pro protestant faction who wanted england to lead protestants across europe they didnt want the match - Thirty Years War broke out in 1618 putting the match on hold
• Describe The Spanish Match in 1621 with regards to The Spanish Match in terms of James and his foreign policy - James returned to negotiations in 1621 resulting in the criticisms to james foreign policy by the 3rd parliament
• Describe the 1623 Spanish trip in terms of James and his foreign policy (2) - In 1623 James allowed charles and buckingham to travel to Spain incognito to seal the spanish match, however they were denied entry into the spanish court when they arrived - Ironically Buckingham and Charles returned heroes in 1624 for not securing the marriage known as the Blessed revolution of 1624
• Describe England and the Thirty Years war in terms of James and his foreign policy (3) - In 1613 James married his daughter Elizabeth to the protestant fredrick of the palatinate - In 1618 Bohemia experienced a protestant revolt sought to replace the catholic Habsburg lord with Fredrick the palatinate as the habsburgs began enforcing catholicism ruthlessly on its population - Fredrick accepted the position and joined the revolt creating a war involving habsburgs and catholics against protestants across europe - yet james didnt intervene due to the spanish match
• Describe the problems of james not intervening in the thirty years war in terms of James and his foreign policy (3) - In 1621 parliament criticised james for not intervening arguing he was allowing fellow protestants to die - George Abbot the Archbishop of canterbury called on england to support protestant allies - When the spanish match failed it made James look worse
• Describe the Mansfield expedition in terms of James and his foreign policy - January 1625 James sought to march 3000 man army to recover fredricks lost palatinate land, however the troops were poorly equipped and the expedition disintegrated wasting £60,000 and achieving nothing