Bio

• During the process of photosynthesis, green plants convert light energy from the Sun into chemical energy, which living organisms can use.
• Photo means light. Synthesis means to build. So, during the process of photosynthesis, plants use the Sun’s light to make their own food in a series of chemical reactions.
• • Sunlight - plants are green in colour because they have a green pigment inside their cell. This pigment is called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs the energy from the sun.
  • Water - the roots of the plant absorb water from the soil.
  • Carbon dioxide - plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air, which is absorbed through plant leaves.
• In the process of photosynthesis, glucose is made by the plant.
• Oxygen is also produced in the process of photosynthesis. What happens to the oxygen? The oxygen is released into the atmosphere through the tiny openings on the surface of the leaves called stomata

  and becomes available for use by other organisms, for respiration.
• The light energy in the Sun is converted into chemical energy.
• The chemical energy that is stored in the plant is potential energy. When animals eat the plants, they consume the potential chemical energy that the plants produce during photosynthesis.
• Glucose is a simple sugar that is made by plants during the process of photosynthesis.
• This energy is used for life processes such as growth, reproduction, and repair of tissues.
• Some of the glucose is stored in the plant as starch . Starch is a more complex sugar made of strands of glucose molecules joined together. These are stored in the leaf and other parts of the plant such as the fruit(e.g. apples), grains(e.g. rice), tubers (e.g. potatoes), and roots (e.g. carrots). These starches are food to animals, including humans.
• Living organisms require energy to survive. In the process of photosynthesis, food is made by the plant. This food contains chemical energy. This energy can then be released from the glucose in a series of metabolic reactions. In the process of respiration, the glucose is broken down inside cells to release energy.
• Respiration takes place in every cell of every living organism.
• Oxygen is required for the process of respiration. Plants absorb oxygen from the air and process of photosynthesis.
• Animals inhale the oxygen. During the process of respiration, plants and animals require glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
• The carbon dioxide and water are both byproducts. Plants release the carbon dioxide and water via their stomata. Animals exhale the carbon dioxide and water.
• The chemical reaction for respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
• C. What are the limiting factors for photosynthesis? Explain how do these factors affect photosynthesis. The limiting factors for photosynthesis are light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and water.
• Light intensity affects how photosynthesis needs light energy to produce glucose for plants. If the light is not enough, the process slows down and the process cannot continue to the Calvin Cycle.
• Carbon dioxide concentration is needed as well because it is one of the

  reactants needed for photosynthesis; low levels of CO2 limit the rate at which photosynthesis can occur.
• Water is another needed component for photosynthesis. When water is scarce, plants close their stomata to conserve their stored water, which also limits carbon dioxide intake, hindering photosynthesis.
• D. What are the three limiting factors affecting cellular respiration? Explain how these factors affect cellular respiration. The three limiting factors affecting cellular respiration are the presence of oxygen, glucose availability, and temperature.
• Oxygen is needed because it acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain; without enough oxygen, the production of ATP is affected.
• Glucose is the primary fuel for cellular respiration; less glucose means less substrate for glycolysis, reducing ATP production.
• Temperature is not one of the reactants in cellular respiration but it affects the enzymes involved in cellular respiration; too high or too low temperatures can reduce these enzymes or slow their activity.
• Producers are organisms that make food from non-food sources through photosynthesis
• Consumers are organisms that obtain energy by eating other living things
• Sunlight - plants are green in colour because they have a green pigment inside their cell. This pigment is called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs the energy from the sun.
• Water - the roots of the plant absorb water from the soil.
• Carbon dioxide - plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air, which is absorbed through plant leaves.
• Photo means light. Synthesis means to build. So, during the process of photosynthesis, plants use the Sun’s light to make their own food in a series of chemical reactions.
• In the process of photosynthesis, glucose is made by the plant.
• Oxygen is also produced in the process of photosynthesis. What happens to the oxygen? The oxygen is released into the atmosphere through the tiny openings on the surface of the leaves called stomata

  and becomes available for use by other organisms, for respiration.
• The light energy in the Sun is converted into chemical energy. The chemical energy that is stored in the plant is potential energy. When animals eat the plants, they consume the potential chemical energy that the plants produce during photosynthesis.
• Glucose is a simple sugar that is made by plants during the process of photosynthesis. Glucose is used by plants for food. food gives plants energy. This energy is used for life processes such as growth, reproduction, and repair of tissues.
• Not all glucose is used by the plant in its life processes. Some of the glucose is stored in the plant as starch . Starch is a more complex sugar made of strands of glucose molecules joined together. These are stored in the leaf and other parts of the plant such as the fruit(e.g. apples), grains(e.g. rice), tubers (e.g. potatoes), and roots (e.g. carrots). These starches are food to animals, including humans.